https://www.asylumprojects.org/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=Thomasp94&feedformat=atomAsylum Projects - User contributions [en]2024-03-28T12:16:52ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.30.0https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=National_Asylum_for_Disabled_Volunteer_Soldiers&diff=42796National Asylum for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers2022-05-16T16:03:29Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
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<div>{{infobox institution<br />
| name = National Asylum for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers<br />
| image = WIsoldiershome1.png<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| alt = <br />
| established = 1865<br />
| construction_began = <br />
| opened = 1867<br />
| closed = 1975<br />
| demolished = <br />
| current_status = [[Preserved Institution|Preserved]]<br />
| building_style = [[Cottage Planned Institutions|Cottage Plan]]<br />
| architect(s) = Henry Koch & Edward Townsend Mix<br />
| location = Milwaukee, WI<br />
| architecture_style = Italianate & Renaissance Revival<br />
| peak_patient_population = <br />
| alternate_names =<br><br />
*Northwestern Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers<br />
}}<br />
<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The National Soldiers Home Historic District, in Milwaukee, is the birthplace of federal veteran care in America and is a soldiers’ recuperation and living settlement established just after the Civil War. This 90-plus acre district rests on the grounds of the Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center in Milwaukee between what is now National Avenue and Bluemound Roads, directly west of Miller Park.<br />
<br />
The National Asylum for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, as it was originally named, was established in 1865. The establishment of a system of National Soldiers Homes, including Milwaukee, was one of the last pieces of legislation signed by President Lincoln before his assassination. In his second inaugural address, President Lincoln had asked the nation “to care for him who shall have borne the battle.” These words and the persistence of many citizens including women from Milwaukee’s Soldiers Aid societies, mark the beginning of the mission of the present-day Department of Veterans Affairs.<br />
<br />
It was the ladies of Milwaukee’s West Side Soldiers Aid Society—already operating a hospital on Plankinton Avenue in Milwaukee—who led, and paid a big portion of the way toward Milwaukee’s Soldiers Home. Inspired by President Lincoln’s charge, the ladies organized a 10-day fair in June 1865 to raise money for a permanent Wisconsin Soldiers Home. They raised more than $100,000 and were persuaded to turn their assets over to the federal government. The women stipulated that the Milwaukee property would not have exclusions and, specifically, would admit federal veterans from all conflicts to a home that would be used solely for the care of soldiers. In May 1867, the first 36 soldiers moved into what came to be known as the “Old Soldiers Home.”<br />
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Following the organization of the Soldiers Home system, a National Board of Managers designated the first branches: an Eastern branch in Maine; a Central Branch in Ohio; and the Northwestern Branch in Milwaukee, Wis. Today, the Northwestern Branch is the VA Medical Center in Milwaukee, also known as The National Soldiers Home Historic District.<br />
<br />
The district remains unique, not only in its welcoming history but in its literal standing. The Milwaukee Soldiers Home campus is the only one of the three original sites to have its majestic Soldiers Home intact, and it is also the only one with the majority of its surrounding recuperative village remaining. The Soldiers Home walls and grounds and memories depict the history not only of veteran care but also of nursing home and institutional care in America. The National Soldiers Home Historic District is listed on both the National and State Registers of Historic Places and is under current consideration for National Landmark status.<br />
<br />
In all, the National Soldiers Home Historic District houses 25 post-Civil War and turn-of-the 20th Century buildings as well as the oldest two-thirds of Wood National Cemetery and dozens of park-like acres. The most historically significant and architecturally dominant building is the site’s namesake, the Soldiers Home (Bldg. 2), or “Old Main,” as veterans nicknamed her. Designed by Milwaukee architect Edward Townsend Mix, Old Main was completed in 1869 and was a domiciliary with long rooms, common foyers and sitting rooms. Though used for veteran housing until the 1970s, the basic interior design remains as it was in 1869.<br />
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Thomas Budd Van Horne, Civil War chaplain and well-known landscape architect, designed the grounds and cemetery in a Picturesque style. He used the varied topography of the campus to create curving paths and roads lined with trees and a relaxing, scenic setting. Van Horne left portions of the campus as naturally wooded areas, but created manicured lawns and formal flowerbeds immediately surrounding the buildings. The northern and eastern portions of the campus were left for farming use. Milwaukee did not have an urban park system at the time the Northwestern Branch opened. The grounds became a place for the community to visit -- for picnics, strolls, band concerts, dancing at the dance hall, Fourth of July celebrations, and rowing boats on the lake. <br />
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Such a setting was designed to heal not only the body but the soul, and the heart of the district’s serenity rests in the 1889 Home Chapel (Bldg 12). The 7,000-square foot Chapel has been a place of prayer, refuge, and true patriotism and has stood as silent sentry over the fallen. It was constructed by Wisconsin veterans and citizens with money raised from Soldiers Home Post Funds, personal donations, and Posthumous Funds. It opened September 22, 1889, as a multi-denominational chapel with seating for 600, one of the first such facilities built on federal government land and reportedly the first in Wisconsin.<br />
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Milwaukee architect and Civil War veteran Henry Koch designed many of the Soldiers Home buildings including the Chapel and the site’s celebrated Ward Memorial Hall (Bldg. 41) or Ward Theater—listed individually on the National Register. Completed in 1881, the playhouse was a popular stop for minstrel shows, vaudeville, variety acts and drama. Entertainers included Will Rogers, Bob Hope, George Jessel, Burns and Allen, Sophie Tucker, Ethel Merman, Nat King Cole, and Liberace. One of the first theaters in Wisconsin, Ward Memorial Hall served as a theater and an amusement hall, restaurant, home store, and post office. A ticket window served rail passengers. Most prominent, especially when lit at night, is the large stained-glass equestrian portrait of General Ulysses S. Grant on the east side of the Theatre, installed in 1887, a gift from the people of St. Louis and Grand Army of the Republic.<br />
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===Today===<br />
For much of its life, the Soldiers Home village revolved around the Headquarters Building (Bldg. 1), built in 1896. Today, it is home to the Soldiers Home Foundation, Friends of Reclaiming Our Heritage, Poppy Sales and American Legion and VFW offices. On the other end of the village is the Hospital and Convalescent Wards (Bldg. 6), built in 1879. Originally, it housed only elderly Civil War Veterans, the beginnings of federal nursing home care in America. Amenities included four sun parlors and a tuberculosis porch. Also prominent is the Wadsworth Library (Bldg. 3), built in 1891. The library remains open as a quiet place for veterans to read, study, and contemplate under the beauty of an original skylight. The library is the best-preserved of the primary historic district village buildings.<br />
<br />
There are dozens of other historically significant buildings in the Soldiers Home village—from the gable-roofed Surgeon’s & Adjutant’s Quarters (Bldg. 17), built in 1887, to 1880s cream brick Barracks and a 1894 Recreation Hall (Bldg. 4) built from Post Funds to such maintenance buildings as the 1883 Fire Engine House (Bldg. 11), the 1895 Power Plant (Bldg 45), the Commissary Warehouse/Quartermaster’s Storehouse or “Stone Barn,” (Bldg. 20), erected in 1896 and renovated in 1938 as well as Quonset huts erected in the 1940s. The Governor’s Residence (Bldg. 39) is the oldest building on the site. Completed in 1868, it has housed the Soldiers Home’s directors for generations including the current VA director. <ref>[http://www.soldiershome.org/]</ref><br />
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==Images==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:WIsoldiershome.png<br />
File:WIsoldiershome2.png<br />
File:WIsoldiershome3.png<br />
File:WIsoldiershome4.png<br />
File:WIsoldiershome5.png<br />
File:WIsoldiershomeaerial.png<br />
File:WISCONSIN SV - Milwaukee - National Asylum - WH Sherman 1880s.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
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==Cemetery==<br />
Most prominent in the tranquil grounds is Wood National Cemetery, the final resting place of some 37,000. Since the first burial in 1871, the cemetery has become the final home for U.S. soldiers and veterans from the War of 1812 to Iraqi Freedom. The cemetery holds four Medal of Honor recipients; members of the first black federal infantry unit, the famed 54th Massachusetts; several Buffalo soldiers; and U.S. Colored Troops veterans.<br />
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==Links==<br />
[http://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/veterans_affairs/Northwestern_Branch.html National Park Service History of the hospital]<br />
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==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Wisconsin]]<br />
[[Category:Cottage Plan]]<br />
[[Category:Preserved Institution]]<br />
[[Category:Government Institution]]<br />
[[Category:Institution With A Cemetery]]<br />
[[Category:Past Featured Article Of The Week]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:WISCONSIN_SV_-_Milwaukee_-_National_Asylum_-_WH_Sherman_1880s.jpg&diff=42795File:WISCONSIN SV - Milwaukee - National Asylum - WH Sherman 1880s.jpg2022-05-16T16:03:09Z<p>Thomasp94: Milwaukee and Vicinity. National Asylum. 1880s. Photo from eBay listing.</p>
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<div>Milwaukee and Vicinity. National Asylum. 1880s. Photo from eBay listing.</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Mayview_State_Hospital.png&diff=42708File:Mayview State Hospital.png2022-03-10T21:24:09Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
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<div>1963 Dodge/Howe from the Mayview FD<br />
[[Category:Hospital Vehicles]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:mayviewSH.jpg&diff=42707File:mayviewSH.jpg2022-03-10T21:24:03Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
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<div>[[Category:Hospital Vehicles]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:STeFD3.jpg&diff=42706File:STeFD3.jpg2022-03-10T21:14:14Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
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<div>Hospital Fire department<br />
[[Category:Hospital Vehicles]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:SteFD2.jpg&diff=42705File:SteFD2.jpg2022-03-10T21:13:50Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
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<div>Hospital Fire department<br />
[[Category:Hospital Vehicles]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Wernersville_State_Hospital_Image_Gallery&diff=42704Wernersville State Hospital Image Gallery2022-03-10T21:02:03Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
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<div>The following are various images of [[Wernersville State Hospital]].<br />
<br />
== Vintage Photos ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:WernerSH Vint 01.jpg<br />
File:WernerSH Vint 02.jpg<br />
File:WernerSH Vint 03.jpg<br />
File:WernerSH Vint 04.jpg<br />
File:WernerSH Vint 05.jpg<br />
File:WernerSH Vint 06.jpg<br />
File:WernerSH Vint 07.jpg<br />
File:WernerSH Vint 08.jpg<br />
File:WernerSH Vint 09.jpg<br />
File:WernerSH Vint 10.jpg<br />
File:WernerSH Vint 11.jpg<br />
File:WernerSH Vint 12.JPG<br />
File:WernerSH Vint 13.jpg<br />
File:wernersvillePA010.jpg<br />
File:wernersvillePA011.jpg<br />
File:wernersvillePA012.jpg<br />
File:wernersvillePA013.jpg<br />
File:wernersvillePA014.jpg<br />
File:wernersvillePA015.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Contemporary Photos==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:WernerSH01.png<br />
File:WernerSH02.png<br />
File:WernerSH03.png<br />
File:89216655 10158252328128854 3552085180975939584 n.jpg<br />
File:89018954 10158252328328854 5468455827029360640 n.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Postcards==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:wernersvillePA002.jpg<br />
File:wernersvillePA001.jpg<br />
File:wernersvillePA003.jpg<br />
File:wernersvillePA004.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
== Aerial Shots & Maps ==<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Werner State Aerial Large.jpg<br />
File:Wernersville SH Aerial.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
[[Category:Image Gallery]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:WernerSH03.png&diff=42703File:WernerSH03.png2022-03-10T21:01:41Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
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<div></div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:WernerSH02.png&diff=42702File:WernerSH02.png2022-03-10T20:58:41Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
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<div></div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:WernerSH01.png&diff=42701File:WernerSH01.png2022-03-10T20:55:57Z<p>Thomasp94: Old admin building and wing.</p>
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<div>Old admin building and wing.</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:89018954_10158252328328854_5468455827029360640_n.jpg&diff=42700File:89018954 10158252328328854 5468455827029360640 n.jpg2022-03-10T20:41:48Z<p>Thomasp94: Wernersville State Hospital Pennsylvania Fire Truck.
Category:Hospital Vehicles</p>
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<div>Wernersville State Hospital Pennsylvania Fire Truck.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Hospital Vehicles]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:89216655_10158252328128854_3552085180975939584_n.jpg&diff=42697File:89216655 10158252328128854 3552085180975939584 n.jpg2022-03-10T20:39:20Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
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<div>Wernersville State Hospital Pennsylvania Fire Truck.<br />
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<br />
[[Category:Hospital Vehicles]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:89216655_10158252328128854_3552085180975939584_n.jpg&diff=42696File:89216655 10158252328128854 3552085180975939584 n.jpg2022-03-10T20:38:59Z<p>Thomasp94: Wernersville State Hospital Pennsylvania Fire Truck.</p>
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<div>Wernersville State Hospital Pennsylvania Fire Truck.</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=User:Thomasp94&diff=42679User:Thomasp942022-02-21T14:49:16Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
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<div>[[image:Thomasp94.jpg|400px|right]]<br />
<br />
My name is Phil. I have always been interested in history, when I was a child in middle school I was completely fascinated with the Titanic. My interest in architecture and old buildings started a bit later, when I came across a huge abandoned shoe factory while riding my bike one day. What landed me here is a result of a few years back when I came across some photos of an abandoned building on the internet at work. From there I started exploring and that led to a deeper interest in state hospitals. I'm not completely sure why, perhaps it's the grand architecture or the fact that I wanted to know what used to go on in the buildings that I was photographing. Either way, I began to research Pennsylvania and Maryland state hospitals. I have visited many of the hospitals in both states and I have also created dedicated websites to some of them. I'm an amateur photographer, I currently shoot with a Canon 30D EOS digital SLR camera with an 18mm - 55mm Canon EF-S lens and a Sunpak 9002DX tripod. I do all my editing in Adobe Photoshop CS4.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''My Specialty States'''<br />
*[[Pennsylvania]]<br />
*[[Maryland]]<br />
<br />
<br />
'''My Websites'''<br />
*[http://www.thomas-industriesinc.com Thomas Industries]<br />
*[http://hsh.thomas-industriesinc.com Harrisburg State Hospital]<br />
*[http://dsh.thomas-industriesinc.com Danville State Hospital]<br />
*[http://arch.thomas-industriesinc.com Architecture of the State]<br />
*[http://photography.thomas-industriesinc.com Thomas Photography]<br />
*[http://www.thomas-industriesinc.com/postcards.html My Postcard Collection]<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Contact Me'''<br />
*admin@thomas-industriesinc.com</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=User:Thomasp94&diff=42678User:Thomasp942022-02-21T14:48:46Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
<hr />
<div>[[image:Thomasp94.jpg|400px|right]]<br />
<br />
My name is Phil. I have always been interested in history, when I was a child in middle school I was completely fascinated with the Titanic. My interest in architecture and old buildings started a bit later, when I came across a huge abandoned shoe factory while riding my bike one day. What landed me here is a result of a few years back when I came across some photos of an abandoned building on the internet at work. From there I started exploring and that led to a deeper interest in state hospitals. I'm not completely sure why, perhaps it's the grand architecture or the fact that I wanted to know what used to go on in the buildings that I was photographing. Either way, I began to research Pennsylvania and Maryland state hospitals. I have visited many of the hospitals in both states and I have also created dedicated websites to some of them. I'm an amateur photographer, I currently shoot with a Canon 30D EOS digital SLR camera with an 18mm - 55mm Canon EF-S lens and a Sunpak 9002DX tripod. I do all my editing in Adobe Photoshop CS4.<br />
<br />
<br />
'''My Specialty States'''<br />
*[[Pennsylvania]]<br />
*[[Maryland]]<br />
<br />
'''My Websites'''<br />
*[http://www.thomas-industriesinc.com Thomas Industries]<br />
*[http://hsh.thomas-industriesinc.com Harrisburg State Hospital]<br />
*[http://dsh.thomas-industriesinc.com Danville State Hospital]<br />
*[http://arch.thomas-industriesinc.com Architecture of the State]<br />
*[http://photography.thomas-industriesinc.com Thomas Photography]<br />
*[http://www.thomas-industriesinc.com/postcards.html My Postcard Collection]<br />
<br />
'''Contact Me'''<br />
*admin@thomas-industriesinc.com</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Allentown_State_Hospital&diff=42677Allentown State Hospital2022-02-21T13:53:30Z<p>Thomasp94: Added demolition info</p>
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<div>{{infobox institution<br />
| name = Allentown State Hospital<br />
| image = AllentownSH 2010.jpg<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| established = July 18, 1901 <br />
| construction_began = June 27, 1904<br />
| construction_ended = 1912<br />
| opened = October 3, 1912<br />
| closed = December 15, 2010<br />
| demolished = 2020<br />
| current_status = [[Demolished Institution|Demolished]]<br />
| building_style = [[Pavilion Plan Institutions|Pavilion Plan]]<br />
| architect(s) = <br />
| location = Allentown, PA<br />
| architecture_style =<br />
| peak_patient_population = 1,966 in 1947 <br />
| alternate_names =<br><br />
*Pennsylvania State Homeopathic Asylum<br />
}}<br />
==History==<br />
The first step for the establishment of a homeopathic state hospital for the insane in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania was taken by the Germantown Homeopathic Medical Society of Philadelphia, which appointed a committee of twelve of its members, of which Isaac W. Heysinger, M. D., was chairman, for the purpose of introducing and furthering a bill before the State Legislature to provide for the selection of a site and the construction of a state hospital for the care of the insane to be under homeopathic management and control. After several unsuccessful attempts a bill was finally passed by both houses of the Pennsylvania Legislature, June 25-26, 1901, entitled, " An Act to Provide for the Selection of a Site and the Erection of a State Hospital for the Treatment of the Insane Under Homeopathic Management, to be Called the Homeopathic State Hospital for the Insane, and Making an Appropriation Therefor."<br />
<br />
On July 18, 1901, the bill was approved by Gov. Wm. A. Stone, except as to Section 5, which provided for an appropriation of $300,000 to enable the commissioners to purchase land and commence the erection of buildings, from which the Governor withheld his approval in the sum of $250,000 because of insufficient state revenue. The commission received several propositions from places within the territory of the twelve counties comprising the hospital district. During December, 1902, they visited a number of the sites offered to them in Lehigh, Northampton, Monroe, Bradford and Wayne counties. Three places in Lehigh County were under consideration aid finally the section in Hanover Township, near Allentown, was chosen upon which to locate the new hospital, the tract secured by the state comprising 209 acres. The corner-stone was laid June 27, 1904. The failure of the Legislature to appropriate, and of the Governor to approve what the Legislature did appropriate, the moneys that were necessary to expeditiously proceed with the erection and construction of the buildings caused a great deal of needless delay in the completion of the institution for its estimated capacity of 1000 patients. This delay occasioned considerable public and legislative agitation, so that the organic law of 1901 was amended by the Legislature and approved by the Governor the 10th of May, 1911. The amendment vested the appointment of the entire commission in the Governor and required the approval of the Superintendent of Public Grounds and Buildings to plans and specifications and expenditures incurred by the commission. It also authorized the commission to turn over to a Board of Trustees the buildings when completed. The amended act brought about the removal of the original commission and the appointment of a new one. This, with the appropriation of an ample sum of money, resulted in the completion of the institution during 1912.<br />
<br />
The hospital is located on a high tract of land on the north bank of the Lehigh River, between Allentown and Bethlehem, about two miles from the former and three miles from the latter city. The Central Railroad of New Jersey runs immediately adjacent to the farm at the foot of its southern slope. The Allentown and Bethlehem Electric Line passes along the front of the property to the north. The arrangement of the institution consists of an administration department, three buildings; four ward buildings, two chapels, a building containing staff and congregate dining rooms, operating room and auditorium; a building for kitchen, ice and cold storage plant; a laundry building, and a boiler, power and electric light plant. The main water supply is obtained from the Bethlehem City water works, and is brought to the hospital grounds by gravity, from which point it is pumped into two 1,000,000-gallon capacity reservoirs. In addition to this, the institution has an artesian well and a 3600-gallon storage tank for emergency use. The original cost of the land and erection of buildings was: for farm $58,000; buildings, power and electric plant and sewerage system, $1,821,000; reservoir, $29,950; pumping station, $22,320; a total of $1,931,270. The hospital was architecturally patterned after the Kirkbride block plan. The administration, ward and service buildings are all connected by corridors, mainly of two stories, and the internal arrangement consists of dormitories of varying capacity.<br />
<br />
Governor John K. Tener in February, 1912, appointed the following Board of Trustees: Harry C. Trexler, president; Edward M. Young, secretary and treasurer; Russell C. Stewart, Archibald Johnston, John J. Tuller, M. D., Wm. A. Seibert, M. D., Leonard Peckitt, F. J. Slough, M. D., and George R. Bedford. Their first act was the appointment of Henry I. Klopp as physician and superintendent, February 17, 1912. He assumed charge March 25, 1912. The first years may well be regarded as epoch-making ones for the hospital. There devolved upon the superintendent all the labor of furnishing and equipping the institution for a capacity of 1000 patients; the developing and perfecting of an organization consistent with the rapid growth in numbers of the patient population, especially so during the first six months of the opening of the hospital; the outlining of methods of treatment and classification of patients; above all, laying the foundation for future development and expansion along modern scientific lines.<br />
<br />
The hospital was opened for the reception of patients October 3, 1912. From this date to February 1, 1913, a weekly transfer was received from either Norristown State Hospital or the Danville State Hospital; there were admitted within this time 820 patients; of this number 750 were transfers. By the end of the official hospital year, namely, May 31, 1913, the total admissions numbered 934 For the year ending May 31, 1914, there were admitted 299 patients; the whole number under treatment for the year was 1166. First consideration was given to the treatment of the so-called "recoverable" patients; also to the organization of a training school for nurses, upon a three-years basis, in accordance with the recommendations of the State Board of Registration for Nurses. The value of diversional occupation and recreation as therapeutic agents was recognized; provision was made accordingly by the equipment and organization of workshops and special occupation therapy, and the employment of industrial instructors educated for such work. Many difficulties had to be met, as the internal layout of the hospital was far from ideal to carry out twentieth-century ideas in the classification and treatment of patients, as well as for economy and efficiency in operation, the plans for the building having been made almost a decade prior to the opening of the institution, the most serious drawbacks being inadequate accommodations for the reception and proper classification of newly admitted cases and lack of facilities to carry out hospital treatment, especially the absence of continuous baths and hydro-therapeutic equipment.<br />
<br />
The medical work was organized along general hospital lines, each patient receiving a thorough mental and physical examination. Efforts are made to obtain family and personal history in detail. Patients on admission are treated as sick, a preliminary course of rest in bed (of varying duration) being prescribed; mechanical, drug or chemical restraint as well as seclusion is dispensed with; the treatment, in conjunction with rest in bed, consisting of an ample supply of fresh air, nutritious food, hydrotherapy, individual attention and influence, and indicated remedy. With improvement, and as progress permits, modification of rest by gradual exercise, bedside suggestion and re-education are substituted, and finally occupation therapy is employed. Medical staff meetings are held daily for the examination and study of patients and the review of current medical literature, both general and special. The staff has been provided with the most practical diagnostic appliances covering the various specialties, thus being able to make an intelligent diagnosis and treat the individual patient scientifically from a medical as well as a surgical standpoint. The equipment includes pathological, bacteriological chemical and haematological laboratory outfits, an electrical and X-ray apparatus, a dental outfit and a medical library. The trustees appointed a consulting staff, consisting of 26 members of the profession, each prominent in his chosen specialty.<br />
<br />
Not being content with the arrangement of the hospital, application was made, through the Board of Trustees, to the first session of the Legislature after the opening of the institution, and a bill was passed covering special appropriations for " new buildings, changes and improvements," amounting to $200,000, which, on account of lack of funds, the Governor found it necessary to veto to the amount of $127,500. The appropriation included a reception building for new admissions, a home for nurses, two buildings for tubercular patients, isolation cottage for contagious diseases, changes in the buildings for hydrotherapy and continuous bath equipment, dairy, barn, piggery, farm building repairs, and coal tramway from railroad to power house.<br />
<br />
The superintendent in his first annual report, under date of May 31, 1914, makes the following statement: "What we may accomplish within the coming decade will largely depend upon the General Assembly. If this " state hospital" is to grow in efficiency in the care and treatment of the mentally sick, the commonwealth must provide liberally for it. Within another year we will have reached our full capacity and soon will be overcrowded. To properly care for this growing population the state should appropriate money for buildings for 100 additional beds annually." In order to obtain proper observation, classification and treatment of patients the plans of the reception building for new admissions, which is to form the first unit of a psychopathic division, contain modern facilities for the admission of patients, continuous baths, hydrotherapy and open-air treatment. Among the needs for which requests for special appropriations from the 1915 Legislature will be made are a reception building, to form the second unit for a receiving division so as to properly care for both sexes; a second nurses' home; two buildings to provide for nurses' and attendants' dining rooms, with second-story quarters for employees; a double house for farm employees; industrial building for men patients, and items covering improvements and changes for the more advantageous operation of the mstitution.<br />
<br />
The business methods of the hospital were organized along lines of economy and efficiency. The bookkeeping system, storeroom accounts, issuing of supplies, discarding and exchange system, variation of weekly dietaries and per capita cost of same, and daily waste reports, received attention. A saving of thousands of dollars in water and steam was effected by the installation of a central hot-water system through the collection of hot water which had been daily going to waste from the cold storage plant. In addition to this an economy of 1500 tons of coal per annum was brought about by various changes in the steamheating plant. The installation of an aerial tramway from the railroad to the power plant for the delivery of coal supplants the expensive method of delivery by teams.<br />
<br />
The hospital receives its maintenance for the care and treatment of patients under the dual system of the " County and State Care Act" Patients are classed either as indigent or private; for the former, the county is required to pay a per capita of $1.75 and the state S2.50 per week; when the financial circumstances of the patient or relatives are such that they can pay a rate of not less than $5 per week, the patient is designated as " private." For the year ending May 31, 1914, the institution maintained itself upon this basis. Schedules are issued quarterly by the institution for the purchase of supplies and provisions, for which bids are received and contracts awarded to the lowest bidder consistent with quality. The medical department was organized by securing the services Dr. Harry F. Hoffman as assistant superintendent, prior to his appointment senior assistant physician at the Norwich State Hospital, Norwich, Conn., and Dr. Walter E. Lang as senior assistant physician, and prior to his acceptance associated with the Easton Sanitarium. The junior assistants, Dr. Charles S. Trites and Dr. Sarah Adleman, received their appointments in December, 1912. In June, 1913, Dr. Charles B. Reitz was appointed to take charge of and develop the laboratory. Dr. Sarah Adleman resigned August 31, 1913, to accept a position in a private institution. Dr. Bernice A. Bartlett was appointed to the position of junior assistant September 10, 1913.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=aPssAAAAYAAJ&dq=editions%3AUOM39015005122398&client=firefox-a&pg=PA493#v=onepage&q=&f=false</ref><br />
<br />
Over the years, the population and physical plant continued to expand, reaching a census high of 2,012 in 1950. The population of 175 (in 2008) represents a trend towards decreasing populations in state hospitals, especially over the past decade. The major decline in the census since the 1950s can be attributed in part to the Mental Health Procedures Act of 1976 which lead to an increase in community mental health services, also the developments in the field of psychopharmacology, and a transfer of funding from the State Hospitals to the community through the Community Hospital Integration Program Project (CHIPPs). Allentown State Hospital received patients primarily from a five-county service area. The counties specifically were Lehigh, Northampton, Carbon, Monroe, and Pike. These counties included the cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, and Easton, as well as a number of smaller municipalities.<br />
<br />
Another unique aspect of the hospital was the development of a psychiatric treatment program for psychiatrically impaired children. This program, under the direction of Dr. Klopp, was opened in 1930 and functioned as the only program of its type in the state until the 1960s when Eastern State School and Hospital was opened. The Mental Health Institute for Children, as it was called, maintained a population of 140 children from across the state during the years when it was the only statewide facility for children. With the development of alternate programs in the community and construction of a State Hospital dedicated to children and adolescents, the need for the facility became less crucial and the unit was closed in June of 1992.<br />
<br />
The Hospital maintains a close working relationship with the county mental health programs resulting in a free flow of information which assists in enhancing the treatment of patients, both in the Hospital and in the Community. This was due, in large part, to the CHIPPs program which not only discharged 130 patients from the hospital to more appropriate community settings, but transferred monies from the hospital budget to the county for developing long lasting infrastructures. CHIPPs would not have worked unless there were close and cooperative interactions between the hospital and the counties.<br />
<br />
During the past decade, the hospital has undergone several significant changes in treating patients. The practice of seclusion, restraint and prn medications was replaced by the philosophy of "The more you do with the patients, the less you have to do to them". In 1992 a Psychiatric Emergency Response Team (PERT) was formed and trained to handle individuals in crisis by talking to them and putting them in restraint/seclusion only as a last resort. Following Deputy Secretary of Mental Health, Charlie Curie's decree to reduce these two means of controlling patients, Allentown State Hospital saw seclusion and restraint as treatment failures rather than as treatment options. Two hours of program off the unit every weekday was instituted as a unique Centralized Program in September of 1998. In November of that year, seclusion was used for the last time at Allentown State Hospital - the first in the nation to go "seclusion free". The use of restraints was cut dramatically as well. Recreational activities were increased four fold on the weekends, although participation in them is voluntary.<ref>http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/PARTNERSPROVIDERS/MentalHealthSubstanceAbuse/StateHospitals/003670147.htm</ref><br />
<br />
In October of 2009 several news agencies announced the possible closure of Allentown State Hospital. The PA Department of Public Welfare announced in January of 2010 that it would completely close the hospital by the end of 2010.<ref>http://www.lehighvalleylive.com/bethlehem/index.ssf?/base/news-2/1264741516298070.xml&coll=3</ref> Patients would be either transferred to [[Wernersville State Hospital]] or to community care facilities.<ref>http://readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=199074</ref> Many protests to the closing have been made by employees and the community,<ref>http://www.lehighvalleylive.com/allentown/index.ssf/2010/02/union_members_scheduled_to_pro.html</ref> but as of March 2010 the hospital is still on track to be closed by the end of the year. The official closing ceremony took place on December 14, 2010 at 1:00 PM.<br />
<br />
The Allentown State Hospital demolition was completed on December 28, 2020.<ref>https://www.wfmz.com/news/area/lehighvalley/as-crews-tear-down-allentown-state-hospital-many-gather-to-watch-and-remember-its-history/article_32313b86-4567-11eb-a7fe-cb56abb156d9.html</ref> The land was put up for sale and re-development.<ref>https://www.mcall.com/news/local/allentown/mc-nws-allentown-state-hospital-redevelopment-scenarios-city-council-20210311-ielaiyv66jdejiaoopgpikfay4-list.html</ref><br />
<br />
== Images of Allentown State Hospital ==<br />
{{image gallery|[[Allentown State Hospital Image Gallery|Allentown State Hospital]]}}<br />
<gallery><br />
File:AllentownPA 5.jpg<br />
File:AllentownPA 2.jpg<br />
File:AllentownPA 1.jpg<br />
File:AllentownPA 4.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
==News Articles==<br />
*May 8, 2012 - [http://www.lehighvalleylive.com/allentown/index.ssf/2012/05/state_seeking_to_sell_allentow.html Pennsylvania seeks to sell Allentown State Hospital] [http://asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Special:AWCforum/st/id459/#post_3712 Forum Post]<br />
*December 15, 2010 - [http://articles.mcall.com/2010-12-15/news/mc-allentown-state-hospital-closure-120101215_1_mental-illness-substance-abuse-services-mental-health End of an era at Allentown State Hospital]<br />
*February 24, 2010 - [[Decision to shut Allentown facility final; about 55 patients heading to Wernersville State Hospital]]<br />
*March 24, 2010 - [[Allentown State Hospital Public Meeting]]<br />
*March 09, 2010 - [[Wernersville State Hospital preparing for Allentown State Hospital patients]]<br />
*December 24, 2020 - [https://www.lehighvalleylive.com/allentown/2020/12/heres-a-look-at-the-allentown-state-hospital-demolition-and-whats-next-photos.html Here’s a look at the Allentown State Hospital demolition and what’s next]<br />
<br />
<br />
== Links & Additional Information == <br />
*[http://www.historicaerials.com/?poi=9074 See Allentown State Hospital at HistoricAerials.com]<br />
*[http://www.bing.com/maps/?v=2&cp=qs25qz8qdr63&scene=47436390&lvl=1&sty=b See Allentown State Hospital on Bing Maps]<br />
*[https://archon.klnpa.org/psa/?p=collections/classifications&id=578 Allentown State Hospital records available at the Pennsylvania State Archives]<br />
<br />
==Books==<br />
Allentown State Hospital, Images of America, Steve Royer, 2020 August.<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<references/><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Pennsylvania]]<br />
[[Category:Pavilion Plan]]<br />
[[Category:Closed Institution]]<br />
[[Category:Past Featured Article Of The Week]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Retreat_State_Hospital&diff=42676Retreat State Hospital2022-02-21T13:40:20Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
<hr />
<div>{{infobox institution<br />
| name = Retreat State Hospital<br />
| image = Retreat Asylum RPPC.JPG<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| established = Sept 29, 1938 (As a PA State Hospital)<br />
| construction_began = 1878<br />
| construction_ended =<br />
| opened =<br />
| closed = 1980<br />
| demolished = 1981<br />
| current_status = [[Demolished Institution|Demolished]]<br />
| building_style = [[Cottage Planned Institutions|Cottage Plan]]<br />
| architect(s) =<br />
| location = Nanticoke, PA<br />
| architecture_style =<br />
| peak_patient_population = 1,103 in 1947 <br />
| alternate_names =<br><br />
*Central Poor District<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The Central Poor District was first set up in 1860 by an act of the State Legislature and 146 acres of land were subsequently purchased for the purpose of erecting buildings for the care of the poor. This land was located in Newport Township, Luzerne County along the banks of the Susquehanna River and about 14 miles from Wilkes-Barre. Outdoor pavilions were established to care for the poor on this land until 1878 when a need was seen for additional space and more permanent facilities. A Female Ward was erected in 1878, a Male Ward in1884, and an addition was added to the Male Ward in 1895. Together, these comprised the Luzerne County Almshouse. <br />
<br />
By 1890, the District took on the responsibility of caring for mentally ill patients and in 1900 the new Hospital for the Insane opened its door at the site. Sometime between 1921 and 1926 the name was changed to Retreat Mental Hospital, although it was still governed by the Central Poor District of Luzerne County. By an Act of the Legislature in 1937 the haphazard system of Poor Districts was abolished, and County Institution Districts were set up. Though County Commissioners assumed control of poor and indigent sick relief in the counties, management of individual institutions remained the same. <br />
<br />
In accordance with an act of 1938 requiring the state to take over all institutions for the care of the mentally ill, Retreat came under state control on September 16, 1943. The Almshouse buildings, whose functions had been superseded by Federal and State relief programs during the Depression, were emptied in 1945 and remodeled into patient dormitories. The Retreat State Hospital was closed in 1980 as a result of decreases in the patient population and cutbacks in the overall budget of the Department of Welfare. <br />
<br />
On June 29 of that year(1980), an Executive Order, signed by Governor Richard Thornburgh, transferred the facility to the Bureau of Correction, effective July 1, 1981. The Bureau was to have temporary responsibility for maintenance and security until the counties could take it over. The plan never materialized however, so the Bureau retained the property and turned Retreat into a State Correctional Institution.<br />
<br />
==Images==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:PAluzerne1912.jpg<br />
File:PAluzerne1920.jpg<br />
File:PAluzerne19281950.jpg<br />
File:retreatPA001.jpg<br />
File:retreatPA002.jpg<br />
File:RETREATSTATEHOSPITAL-Pa-c1890.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Pennsylvania]]<br />
[[Category:Cottage Plan]]<br />
[[Category:Closed Institution]]<br />
<br />
== Additional Information & Links ==<br />
*[https://archon.klnpa.org/psa/?p=collections/classifications&id=589 Retreat State Hospital records available at the Pennsylvania State Archives]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:RETREATSTATEHOSPITAL-Pa-c1890.jpg&diff=42675File:RETREATSTATEHOSPITAL-Pa-c1890.jpg2022-02-21T13:39:34Z<p>Thomasp94: RETREAT STATE HOSPITAL Luzerne County Pa c1890</p>
<hr />
<div>RETREAT STATE HOSPITAL Luzerne County Pa c1890</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Chicago_State_Hospital&diff=38461Chicago State Hospital2019-10-23T11:59:10Z<p>Thomasp94: /* The Cook County Insane Asylum */</p>
<hr />
<div>{{infobox institution<br />
| name = Chicago State Hospital<br />
| image = Chicago.jpg<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| established =<br />
| construction_began = <br />
| construction_ended =<br />
| opened = 1869<br />
| closed = 1971<br />
| demolished = 1980s<br />
| current_status = [[Demolished Institution|Demolished]]<br />
| building_style = [[Kirkbride Planned Institutions|Kirkbride Plan]]<br />
| architect(s) =<br />
| location = Chicago, IL<br />
| architecture_style =<br />
| peak_patient_population = 2,100 in 1955<br />
| alternate_names =<br><br />
*Cook County Institution at Dunning<br />
*Dunning Asylum<br />
*Dunning Mental Institute<br />
*Cook County Institution at Dunning<br />
*Read Mental Health Facility<br />
*Charles F. Read Zone Center<br />
*Chicago Read Mental Health Center <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
In 1851 the county poor farm was established at the town of Jefferson, Ill., about 12 miles northwest of Chicago. The farm consisted of 160 acres of fairly improved land, and was formerly owned by peter Ludby, who located it in 1839. Additional land was purchased in 1860 and in 1884. In 1915 the land consisted of 234 acres. By November, 1854, the county poorhouse was nearly finished. The building was of brick, three stories high and basement, and cost about $25,000.<br />
<br />
In 1858 Dr. D. B. Fonda was physician for the poorhouse and insane departments. At the time the building of the insane asylum, 200 feet south of the almshouse hospital, was contemplated. In the first biennial report of the Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities of the State of Illinois, dated December, 1870, occurs the following:<br />
<br />
::Although the keeper of the Cook County almshouse seems to be a humane, conscientious man, who conducts the institution to the very best of his ability under the circumstances and surroundings, it is nevertheless for so wealthy a county a miserably planned and badly managed institution.<br />
<br />
::The capacity is probably not over 450, while the number of inmates is sometimes as great as 700.<br />
<br />
::Of the manner in which the insane have hitherto been cared for nothing need be said. A new insane asylum in connection with the almshouse has been built.<br />
<br />
::The farm of 160 acres is worked in the interest of the county, the superintendent receiving a salary for his services. The inmates do nearly all the farm work, also the housework and make most of the clothing. There is a school upon the premises, which is attended by the greater part of the children between the ages of eight and 14.<br />
<br />
The old insane department was of brick, with small barred windows, iron doors, and heavy wooden doors outside, with apertures and hinged shutters for passing food. The cells were about seven by eight feet; they were not heated, except by a stove in the corridor, which did not raise the temperature in some of them above freezing point; the cold, however, did not freeze out the vermin with which the beds, walls and floors were alive. The number of cells in this department was 21, 10 on the lower floor and 11 on the upper floor; many of them contained two beds,<br />
<br />
The other buildings were all frame; they were more like barns or barracks-immense areas of bare floors, crowded with cheap iron strap bedsteads. The heating was insufficient; there was no ventilation; the arrangements for bathing were so imperfect, there being no hot water, that during the winter months the inmates were not bathed; even in summer the number of tubs was too small and they were inconviently located. There were no halls in these buildings, the entire space being divided into rooms; the stairways were either on the outside or in the center of the room.<br />
<br />
In the report for 1878 it is stated that the Cook County poorhouse :is a rookery and should be torn down." The plans for additional buildings for the infirmary were drawn by John G. Cochrane, the architect, and the designs submitted by him were adopted by the county on the 22d of September, 1881.<br />
<br />
The contract for the erection of the buildings was awarded in June, 1882, to Messers. McGraw & Downey, who completed their part of the work in time for the institution to receive inmates by June the following year.<br />
<br />
They consisted of nine separate and distinct buildings, connected by corridors arranged in a semi-circular form, with a frontage generally to the south. In front of the circle were the administration and the four dormitory buildings; immediately in the rear was the central building, and on either side of this the hospitals and dining rooms; in the rear of these were the kitchens and laundry houses, all connected by corridors. The construction was of brick and three stories in height.<br />
<br />
In 1884 the infirmary had accommodations for 1000 patients. The patients were transferred to the county infirmary at Oak Forest, Ill., in December, 1910, and the buildings of the infirmary were used to house the insane.<br />
<br />
In January, 1912, fire destroyed the central portion of the building, which contained six wards, operating room, two congregate dining-rooms, kitchen, chapel and the corridors leading from the was to the west wings. However, the fire did not destroy the two west wings, which were nor in use, nor the three east wings, which were occupied by the insane patients. The two west wings were wrecked during the early part of 1913 in order to provide sites for cottage wards 13 and 14.<br />
<br />
The east wings continued in use as wards for insane patients until January 9, 1914, when a fire started in the ruins at the western end of the buildings; shortly after this fire the buildings were abandoned and the contract was let to have them wrecked. The buildings were leveled during the year 1914.<br />
<br />
The boiler room and pump house connected with the infirmary remains in use at the present time (1915). The ice-house, which was built at the same time as the infirmary buildings in 1883, is in use at the present time (1915) as a paint shop.<br />
<br />
==The Cook County Insane Asylum==<br />
<br />
The constantly increasing number of insane cases in the wards of the poorhouse soon made manifest the necessity of providing separate and suitable quarters for this class of county charges. Accordingly in 1870 the insane asylum was built. This institution was erected on the county far, a little over a block northeast of the infirmary, on the ground dotted with forest trees and gradually sloping to an artificial lake. L. B. Dixon, of Chicago, was the architect.<br />
<br />
The asylum building had a frontage to the east of 272 feet and was divided by a center building, in which the offices were situated; the two wings were divided into wards. Each ward was 116 feet long from north to south. The central building had a frontage of 50 feet. At each extreme end of wings was a projection 20 feet to the rear for bathroom, water closets and stairs to the yards. The building was of brick, with cut stone trimmings, and was three stories high above the basement. Each wing had a center corridor 13 feet wide, with three windows on each end. The patients' rooms were on each side of the corridors. On each floor there was a room for the safe storage of [https://civsvi.com/ medicines]. Especial pains were taken to secure a thoroughly efficient system of warming and ventilation. The heating was by high pressure steam, and ventilation was forced by two double-bladed iron fans, eight feet in diameter. The water closets were at the end of each ward. The bathrooms were adjoining at the end of each wing. There was a soiled clothes drop from each bathroom to a room in the basement. There were two bathtubs and three water closets on each floor. Each wing had a dining-room on each floor with attendants' each room adjoining. A dumb waiter extended to the basement from each dining-room. There was a linen room for each story of each wing near the attendants room. At the end of each wing there was a separate stairway with separate exits into yards for inmates.<br />
<br />
In the rear of the insane asylum at a distance of 100 feet was the laundry building, 60 by 60 feet in size, built of brick with shingle roof two stories above the ground, with a cellar. This building was divided by a hall through its center with laundry, drying room and ironing rooms on one side, and kitchen and bakery on the opposite side. The second story was subdivided into apartments for servants employed in rooms below. This laundry building was connected with the main building by a brick corridor 10 feet wide.<br />
<br />
All food for patients in the asylum was brought into the basement of the asylum in an iron car from the rear building, and was carried to the various dining-rooms by a dumb waiter.<br />
<br />
The boiler, engine and fan rooms were next to the laundry building and were of brick. The fuel shed was next to the boiler house and the flour shed in the rear of the laundry building, The smokestack for the bouler was 85 feet high and 9 feet square at the base.<br />
<br />
Pure water was supplied these buildings by an artesian well 756 feet deep. The cost of these buildings completed was $135,000. They furnished accommodations for 200 patients, giving a room to each.<br />
<br />
In 1871, on account of the overcrowded condition of the hospital, cells were fitted up in the basement. In 1872 a new library was fitted up for the patients at a cost of $500. One of the large rooms in the rear building was fitted up as a sewing room, and this room was also used for a dance once or twice a week for the patients. In 1873 a fourth story addition was added to the main building for the insane witch was occupied during the early part of January, 1874, as an amusement hall for the patients and quarters for about 50 patients.<br />
<br />
In 1874 a piano was purchased for the hall and a bowling alley was fitted up in the basement for the use of the patients. A reserve reservoir was built, to be used in the event of fire, the two reservoirs in the basement being used to collect rain water from the roofs for use in the boilers. A gas house was built, which introduced the lighting of the building by gas; and a small infirmary was arranged for on each ward to care for the sick and helpless patients.<br />
<br />
During 1877 a new steam drying room was constructed next to the laundry and a new artesian well, 1207 feet deep, was bored. In the report for this year the medical superintendent complained that he was not backed up by the warden, and that he was insulted when he tried to obtain the proper amount of nourishment and its proper preparation for the patients; also that patients were not sufficiently clothed.<br />
<br />
In a report made 1878 by the State Board of Commissioners of Public Charities the following occurs:<br />
<br />
::The insane department is a large and well built establishment constructed substantially on the principles and methods approved b y the American Association of Medical Superintendents of Hospitals for the Insane. The number of wards is 16; there are four floors and four wards on each floor. There are 437 inmates, with 100 sleeping on the floor.<br />
<br />
There was a small amusement hall which would hold 100 persons. A few books served as a library, but no periodicals were taken. The upper floors were occupied by women, the lower floors by men. The pharmacy was in the basement. There was an icehouse on the grounds holding 300 or 400 tons. At a little distance from the main building were the barns and piggery.<br />
<br />
Dr. John Spray was medical director from January 1, 1878, to September 1, 1882, to September 1,1884. Of the inmates under treatment during March, 1884, there were 285 males and 325 females. Out of this number only 72 were native-born Americans. Until 1882 the nearest railway station at which on could take the cars to or from the county farm was at the village of Jefferson, two mile away, on the Wisconsin division of the Chicago & Northwestern Railroad. However, the commissioners of Cook County, seeing the necessity of having railroad communication direct for the city, built some three miles of line running across the poor farm in a southerly direction, and intersecting the St. Paul road at Galewood. This was done and the first train from the city to the county farm was started on the 11th of September, 1882.<br />
<br />
The county also erected at its terminus of the line a handsome depot building at a cost of $2100, and the station was named Dunning, in honor of one of the oldest wealthiest settlers in the vicinity. The infirmary and insane asylum up to 1882 were under one management, a committee of five county commissioners, which had entire control. This committee appointed a medical superintendent over the asylum, a warden, matron, engineer and storekeeper, but none of these officers had any power except as directed by the committee, nor had either institution any head. Quoting from a report of the State Board of Charities dated 1878: "The warden is not head, and superintendent is not head; the real head is the committee, which has five heads."<br />
<br />
In 1882 the county board adopted new rules, which provided that the warden and superintendent should be elected by the Board of County Commissioners. These officers were placed more directly in charge of their respective departments and given enlarged powers of management and control.<br />
<br />
This asylum was the first in the West to appoint female physicians. It was the first in the state to appoint graduate and trained female nurses in charge of the particular nursing and administration of all drugs. The female physicians were Dr. Delia Howe, appointed May 1, 1884, and Dr. Harriet Alexander, appointed February 1, 1885.<br />
<br />
Dr. James D Kiernan was appointed medical superintendent September 1, 1884, and was replaced by Dr. Spray September 1, 1885. The present (1915) detached was buildings were completed in 1885, at a cost of $135,000. They are two stories in height, built of brick. A large basement houses at the present time (1915) the general bathroom for patients, with a swimming pool of about 20 by 25 feet; also the carpenter shop, machine shop and mattress shop.<br />
<br />
In 1885 there were many complaints made against appointing of employees through the political friendship of the appointing power, which resulted in the presence of many inexperienced and incapable attendants.<br />
<br />
Dr. Kiernan, who had been medical superintendent from September 1, 1884, to September 1, 1885, read a paper before the Chicago Medical Society complaining of abuses and mistreatment of patients; and as a result a committee from the State Board of Charities investigated the institution. Several county commissioners, ex-county commissioners and about 14 contractors were removed by the grand jury. The heads of the institutions were removed and the institutions were thoroughly investigated, and it was demonstrated that extravagant management and graft existed.<br />
<br />
In 1887 the present amusement hall was completed, having been designed as a cottage ward for patients. This building is two stories in height; the upper floor is used for an amusement hall at the present time, a large stage having been built at the north end of the building.<br />
<br />
In 1890 Dr. John A. Benson was medical superintendent. During this year the present cottage wards 1,2,3 and 4 were completed. The buildings are built of brick and are two stories and basement high. A biological laboratory and autopsy house was also erected. The lower floor of the amusement hall was fitted up as industrial department for re-educational purposes for patients, and a teacher employed to teach industrial arts. During this year there was only one artesian well in use, which had a flow of 36,000 gallons a day, collected in two cisterns and pumped throughout the buildings. A pond behind the main building supplied the laundry, but the pond was almost dry and the artesian water supply was low, resulting in not enough water for the proper cleansing and bathing of inmates.<br />
<br />
In 1891 Dr. Brown was superintendent, follower by James Pine as warden in 1892. In 1892 the present cold storage building was completed. This building is of brick construction and is one story high; it is situated about 100 feet east of the south end of the present store building.<br />
<br />
In 1893 Mr Sawyer was warden. During this year the present (1915) store building was completed. This building is of brick construction and is about 40 feet by 150 feet, two stories and basement high. The south end of the building was fitted up and has been used as a drug store ever since. The present druggiest, Mr. Henry Lindlade, was appointed assistant druggiest February 24, 1894, and was the first civil service appointee as druggiest July 1, 1895.<br />
<br />
In 1894 Mr. O. W. Nash was appointed warden; he resigned June 1, 1895, being succeeded by George F. Morgan. Mr. Morgan remained until January 1, 1897.<br />
<br />
On January 2, 1895, the laundry building burned. The present building was completed in 1896. It is one story high and of brick construction.<br />
<br />
During the year 1895 civil service was instituted, and the control and treatment of patients in the insane asylum was for the first time under the sole management of an able corps of physicians appointed by reason of their fitness. A medical sepervising staff was appointed September 23, 1895, consisting of Dr. Richard Dewey, Dr. Sanger Brown, Dr Archibald Church, Dr. D. W. Lewis and Dr. William Cuthbertson. This staff made the rules and regulations for the hospital resident staff.<br />
<br />
The hospital grounds were connected with the city water mains by an 8-inch pipe, and fire plugs, with connections, were installed about the grounds.<br />
<br />
In 1897 Mr. Albert N. Lange was appointed general superintendent. It was during this year that the present (1915) cottage wards 5 and 6 were completed. These buildings are constructed of brick, with a large day room in the center, a dormitory on each side and the dining room in the rear. The buildings face west and are on the avenue with other cottages.<br />
<br />
During 1898 the consumptive hospital was completed. This building is situated near the southeast corner of the grounds. It is of brick construction, three stories and attic high. It has three wings like the letter T and faces south. The longest wing runs north and south. However, the west wing is longer than the east wing. In 1903 this building was remodeled and used for the physically sick insane and continues as such at the present time (1915).<br />
<br />
Mr. A. N. Lange resigned as general superintendent November 17, 1902. On November 30,1902, Dr. John R. Neely was appointed general superintendent.<br />
<br />
The working force of the institution was under the supervision of the general superintendent, the assistant general superintendent being in charge of the infirmary.<br />
<br />
Dr. John R. Neely resigned as general superintendent June 1, 1903. In 1903 the present (1915) cottage wards 7, 8, and 9 were completed. These buildings were known as Group No. 1 and are located at the end of the avenue leading north from the main building for the insane. The group completes and closes the avenue. For this reason the Renaissance architectural treatment was employed to mark the middle building. A large portico is surrounded by a pediment support by Ionic columns, and the apex of the roof of the middle building marked with a colonial lantern. A covered colonade or veranda connects the three buildings and provides a passageway for the inmates of the two side cottages to and from the dining-room located in the middle building. These cottages are faced on all sides with dark red brick and have cut-stone trimmings. The roofs are covered with re tile. The ornamental colonade and the veranda are of cement and painted white. The two cottages on the sides are duplicates. They are each 100 feet long by 48 feet wide. On the first floor of each is a large dar room, 42 feet by 48 feet in size, which is lighted on four sides and opens up on the rear. The middle building is 102 feet long by 31 feet wide. On the first floor are two dining-rooms, with a common kitchen and serving room.<br />
<br />
Dr. V. H. Podstata was appointed general superintendent June 1, 1903, in order to modernize the institution.<br />
<br />
A training school for nurses was established. The pathological department was re-established, with Dr. M. H. McHugh in charge. The fire department was reorganized and drilled by Captains Figg and Hand, of the Chicago Fire Department. The county board authorized the appointment of internes. The cottage in the vicinity of the infirmary which was formerly used for maternity cases and cases of infectious disease was remodeled into a nurses' home; this building was wrecked during 1914.<br />
<br />
Mr. George P. Smith was appointed business manager September 18, 1903, as a civil service appointee.<br />
<br />
The consumptive hospital built during this year. It is situated 1500 feet west of the infirmary buildings on the Dunning Farm. It is of wooden construction and consists of five buildings, connected by spacious corridors, facing south. The middle building is two stories high and was used as the administration building for offices and living quarters.<br />
<br />
In the year 1907 a two-story building was completed at the west end of these buildings and was used asa hospital ward for the more advanced cases of tuberculosis. There buildings became the property of the State of Illinois July 1, 1912, but the county was allowed the use of them until March, 1914.<br />
<br />
In 1904 the hospital staff consisted of, in the insane department, three senior physicians and three internes; in the infirmary, one senior physician and three internes; in the consumptive hospital, one senior physician and two internes.<br />
<br />
During this year the present (1915) pathological building and morgue were occupied. This building is situated about 100 yards south of the main building for the insane. It is of brick construction, two stories high, and contains a large amphitheater, where clinics are held. The present farm cottage building was also competed during 1904. This building is situated near the center of the farm, about 1400 feet west of the main building for the insane. The building fronts east and back of it are grouped the barns, chicken houses, etc. The building is 80 feet long, 54 feet wide and two stories in height; there are two one-story extensions in the rear, 27 feet by 22 feet. The construction is of brick and artistic in appearance. It was designed to accommodate 45 patients. At the present time (1915) there are 75 patients housed in the building.<br />
<br />
The biological laboratory, which was erected in 1890, was torn down during 1904, when the new building was occupied.<br />
<br />
During 1904 the present cottage wards 10 and 11 were completed. These building were known as Group No. 2, and are situated 125 feet north of the detached ward buildings, facing east. They consist of two-story cottages and one one-story cottage, connecting the group surrounding a court. The two larger cottages are 84 feet long by 74 feet deep. The open court is 58 feet long, enclosed by an ornamental fence.<br />
<br />
In 1905 the first graduation exercises of the training school for nurses were held. Dr. V. H. Podstata, general superintendent, resigned July 16, 1906, to become superintendent of the Elgin State Hospital. Dr. O. C. White was appointed general superintendent, July 16, 1906. In 1906 hydrotherapeutic and electrical appliances were installed in the west basement of the hospital ward.<br />
<br />
In 1907 a psychopathologist was appointed, and semi-weekly meetings of the staff were held for presentation of cases and discussions. The old picket fence separating the infirmary and insane asylum was torn down; 1500 small trees were purchased and placed in a nursery for transplanting. A large open ditch, which ran through the grounds, was laid with five 15-inch tile and covered over.<br />
<br />
Four 250 horse-power water-tube boilers, equipped with traveling chain grates, were installed in 1907. Two 500 horse-power boilers were also installed, with traveling chain grates. A new smokestack, 180 feet high, was built during this year.<br />
<br />
A system was developed for re-education purposes for the insane. Two attendants were sent to the school of civics and philanthropy with pay. One of these attendants, Miss Myra Henderson, continues at the present time (1915) in the employ of the hospital. A consulting staff of 12 physicians from Chicago was attached to the institution. Dentist T. W. Schnell visited the hospital one day each week in order to look after the dental needs of the patients.<br />
<br />
In 1912 cottage ward No. 1 was established as an art cottage for female patients, in charge of Miss Ingborg Olson, and continues as such at the present time (1915). A gynecological service was also established. In January, 1912, fire destroyed the central portion of the infirmary buildings, which contained six wards, operating room, two congregate dining-rooms, kitchen, chapel, and the corridors leading from the east to the west wings. The fire did not destroy the two west wings which were not in use, nor the three east wings which housed insane patients.<br />
<br />
In the year 1909 the General Assembly passed a law entitled "An Act to Revise the Laws Relating to Charities, etc." Section 20 of this act provided for the removal of the insane and feeble-minded from the county almshouses to state institutions. All of the provisions of Section 20 were complied with except that part relating to the insane and feeble-minded in almshouses in counties of over 150,000 population.<br />
<br />
An appropriation was by the General Assembly in 1911 to provide for the insane and feeble-minded in the Cook County Hospital for the Insane at Dunning, Ill. On July, 1912, the County of Cook transferred to the State of Illinois all lands, buildings and equipment known as the Cook County Institution at Dunning, Ill., the name to be changed to Chicago State Hospital.<br />
<br />
The details of the transfer to the state were made by a committee composed of three members of the Cook County Board of Commissioners, in joint session with the Board of Administration of the State of Illinois. The committee of the Board of Cook County Commissioners was composed of Peter Bartzen, ex-officio member, Bartley Berg, chairman, Joseph Mendel and Lawrence J. Coffee. The state was represented by the Board of Administration. The appraisement of buildings, lands and furniture was made under the direction of the Cook County Board of Commissioners, and the valuation is given as follows: Buildings, $983,518.06; $500,640; furniture, $34,970.<br />
<br />
On July 1, 1912 Cook County transferred the land, buildings, and equipment of the Cook County Institution at Dunning to the Board of Administration (Board of Administration, Second and Third Annual Reports Springfield, 1913 p. 931). This institution, opened in 1869, had formerly housed the indigent, tubercular, and insane of Cook County. After the Board of Administration assumed control in 1912 the institution was used solely for the treatment and care of the insane and was renamed Chicago State Hospital.<br />
<br />
The hospital opened a training school for nurses in 1912 and established the first state psychiatric nursing affiliation program in 1918. The Psychiatric Nursing Affiliation Program provided instruction in psychiatric nursing to students from general hospital nursing schools throughout the country.<br />
<br />
The Civil Administrative Code of 1917 transferred control of Chicago State Hospital to the Department of Public Welfare where it remained until the creation of the Department of Mental Health in 1961. In 1970 Chicago State Hospital merged with the Charles F. Read Zone Center to become the Chicago-Read Mental Health Center.<br />
<br />
The buildings consisted of the administration building, the detached ward buildings (2), hospital, infirmary buildings, cottage wards 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11, farm wards, tuberculosis cottages (6), nurses' cottage, amusement hall, store building, laundry, pathological laboratory and morgue, power house, fire hall, horse barn, cold storage, paint shop, tool house, oil house, smoke house, bay barn, hog shed, slaughter house, chicken house and greenhouses Nos. 1 and 2.<br />
<br />
The land consisted of 234 acres and was appraised at $2100 an acre. Of the 234 acres contained in the track which comprises the site of the hospital, 100 acres are under cultivation. The soil is black loam, about 14 inches deep, and is peculiarly adapted to the growth of fruits and vegetables. <br />
<br />
The State of Illinois assumed charge of the Cook County Insane Asylum July 1, 1912, and the name was changed to the Chicago State Hospital.<br />
<br />
==Chicago State Hospital==<br />
<br />
When this hospital was taken over by the state Dr. F. B. Clarke, formerly medical director under the county management, was appointed acting superintendent and served as such until the time of his resignation December 15, 1912, when Dr. R. H. Rea became acting superintendent, serving until April 7, 1913. Dr. George Leininger was appointed superintendent April 7, 1913, and continues as such at the present time. Dr. H. J. Smith was transferred from the Watertown State Hospital, where he was serving as assistant superintendent, to a like position in this hospital April 17, 1913. On March 15, 1914, Dr. Smith was transferred to the Peoria State Hospital as assistant superintendent. Dr. C. F. Read, formerly assistant superintendent at the Kankakee State Hospital, was transferred to this hospital March 16, 1914, as assistant superintendent. Dr. R. H. Rea remains in the hospital as physician, having served continuously since April 21, 1910.<br />
<br />
The medical staff was increased and additional stenographers were added in order to keep complete records of the history, etiology, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of each patient.<br />
<br />
In December, 1913, a small one-story cottage of brick construction was opened as an unlocked cottage, and accommodates 40 female patients. This new building is cottage ward No. 12. Cottage wards 13 and 14 were completed and occupied in February, 1914. Cottage ward 14 is a parole ward and accommodates 125 male patients. Cottage ward 13 is a closed cottage for male patients. Both buildings are two stories and basement in height, of brick construction and very pleasing to the eye. In cottage ward No. 14 a billiard table has been installed and is quite popular with the patients.<br />
<br />
The following new buildings are under construction at the present time (1915): An administration building, three stories in height, 187 feet long and 75 feet deep, of brick construction. It occupies the site of the infirmary buildings which were torn down in 1914. The building will contain the offices and living quarters of the hospital staff. Two receiving wards, both identical, of brick construction and two stories in height, one for the female and the other for male patients. The buildings are 238 feet long by 65 feet deep, and are situated opposite each other on the main driveway to the present administration building. Two infirmary cottages, to be known as Cottage Ward 15 and 16. These buildings are of brick construction, two stories in height, and situated just west of the poorhouse boiler room, fronting south on the driveway leading to the old tubercular hospital.<br />
<br />
An untidy cottage, on story in height, of brick construction, situated just west of the nurses' home, near the main track of the Chicago, Milwaukee and St. Paul Railroad. A nurses' home, three stories high, of brick construction, and situated directly west of the present paint shop, facing west. It is 187 feet long and 75 feet deep and will accommodate about 150 employees.<br />
<br />
In the spring of 1914 the buildings which housed the consumptives under county management were thoroughly overhauled, cleansed, disinfected and kalsomined, and are now occupied by insane patients. The wards in these buildings are known as the detached wards, 5,5A,6,7,8 and 9. The furnace beating plants have been removed and steam heating is now used. A small root cellar or vegetable house was constructed for $2000. The building is 60 feet by 40 feet and situated just west of the main building for the insane.<br />
<br />
On July 1, 1912, the nursing service consisted of four supervising nurses, 78 male and 72 female attendants. At the present time (1915) the nursing service consists of one chief nurse, two male supervising nurses, two female supervising nursing, one acting supervising nurse (female), 145 female attendants, 135 male attendants. In February, 1914, the eight-hour system was installed for the nursing service in part of the hospital, and as it proved a success it was rapidly extended, so that by the middle of May, 1914, all the employees were working on eight-hour shifts.<br />
<br />
The present training school for nurses under state management was organized September 1, 1912, at which time 20 pupil-nurses were enrolled, nine of whom remained for the full course and graduated in June, 1914. <br />
<br />
Under the supervision of an industrial art teacher, the female patients are instructed in plain sewing, hemstitching, drawn work, embroidery, crocheting, knitting, etc., reed and raffia work, fancy weaving, etc. The male patients are instructed along re-educational lines under the supervision of a manual training instructor. The work consists in making brushes, window shades, carpenter work and fret-saw work. Many patients are employed on the farm and in the garden.<br />
<br />
The patients have a weekly dance which they look forward to and enjoy very much. Moving picture shows have been given. Entertainments have been given by various fraternal organizations. Baseball and other games during the summer between patients are held almost daily. Elaborate entertainments are given on Holidays, e.g., Fourth of July, etc.<br />
<br />
Insane patients present in the hospital December 1, 1871, 216; in the hospital March 19, 1915, 3019.<ref>History from "The Institutional Care of the Insane in the United States and Canada". By Hurd, Henry Mills, 1843-1927, ed; Drewry, William Francis, 1860-; Dewey, Richard Smith, 1845-1933.; Pilgrim, Charles Winfield, 1855-; Blumer, G. Alder (George Alder), 1857-1940; Burgess, Thomas Joseph Workman, 1849-</ref><br />
<br />
Chicago State Hospital’s buildings closed after it merged in 1970 with the nearby Charles F. Read Zone Center, which had opened on the west side of Oak Park Avenue in 1965. Since 1970, it has been known as Chicago-Read Mental Health Center.<br />
<br />
== Images of Chicago State Hospital ==<br />
{{image gallery|[[Chicago State Hospital Image Gallery|Chicago State Hospital]]}}<br />
<gallery><br />
file:Dunning.png<br />
file:Dunning1.png<br />
file:Dunning5.jpg<br />
File:Ilpc035.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Video==<br />
*The following is a short video produced by WBEZ "Curious City" on the hospital's cemetery. <br />
<videoflash>g3l7YoGhlbM</videoflash><br />
<br />
==Cemetery==<br />
Originally 20 acres and later expanded. An estimated 38,000 people were buried here including unidentified victims of the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, Potter's Field, the Cook County poor Farm, Insane Asylum and Chicago State Hospital. Most of the cemetery has been plowed under and used for housing developments, a shopping mall and parking lot, etc. All that is left is an open space called the Read-Dunning Memorial Park with a few fragments of grave markers. No new burials have been added there since sometime in the 1920's.<br />
[http://graveyards.com/IL/Cook/dunning/ Photos of the current Memorial Park]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
<References/><br />
<br />
[[Category:Illinois]]<br />
[[Category:Demolished Institution]]<br />
[[Category:Kirkbride Buildings]]<br />
[[Category:Institution With A Cemetery]]<br />
[[Category:Articles With Videos]]<br />
[[Category:Past Featured Article Of The Week]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=St._Lawrence_State_Hospital&diff=38460St. Lawrence State Hospital2019-10-23T11:34:31Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
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<div>{{infobox institution<br />
| name = St. Lawrence State Hospital<br />
| image = Stlaw1.jpg<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| alt = St. Lawrence State Hospital<br />
| caption = <br />
| established = 1886<br />
| construction_began = 1888<br />
| construction_ended =<br />
| opened = 1890<br />
| closed = 1983<br />
| demolished =<br />
| current_status = [[Closed Institution|Closed]]<br />
| building_style = [[Cottage Planned Institutions|Cottage Plan]]<br />
| architect(s) = I.G Perry<br />
| location = Ogdensburg, NY<br />
| architecture_style =<br />
| peak_patient_population = <br />
| alternate_names =<br><br />
*St. Lawrence Asylum for the Insane<br />
*St. Lawrence Psychiatric Center<br />
*Ogdensburg Correctional Facility <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
The psychiatric center came first. Initially, it was to be call the Ogdensburg State Asylum for the Insane, but the name was changed to the St. Lawrence State Hospital before the first patient was admitted. In the late 1970's, it was re-christened the St. Lawrence Psychiatric Center.<br />
<br />
The asylum was authorized in 1886 by the state Legislature after being persuaded of the need for such an institution in the northern part of the state. The governor appointed a site selection commission including Dr. Peter M. Wise (superintendent of the Willard State Hospital) and William P. Letchworth (a member of the state Board of Charities who was also instrumental in establishing what is now Groveland). They recommended Point Airy, a 950-acre tract of farmland bulging out into the St. Lawrence River The state purchased the land for $90,500 in 1887.<br />
<br />
Later that year Isaac G. Perry, the state architect, consulted a group of experts to plan the asylum. Among them were Dr. Wise and Dr. Carlos F. MacDonald. Dr MacDonald was superintendent of the Auburn State Asylum for Insane Criminals and, when that was relocated, he became the first superintendent of Matteawan State Hospital (now Fishkill). Dr. MacDonald was present at the world's first execution by electrocution, and his graphic report on William Kemmler's death at Auburn in 1890 is frequently cited in death penalty studies.<br />
<br />
Their ideas laid the foundation for the family-style institution that would become standard in the design and conduct of future psychiatric hospitals. Plans drawn by the architect called for three discrete groups of buildings, so that patients could be grouped according to their particular psychiatric disorder. The buildings would be small, not exceeding two floors, with sleeping quarters above and rooms for day activities below.<br />
<br />
The St. Lawrence State Hospital opened on December 9, 1890, under the superintendency of Dr. Wise, who transferred from Willard. Dr Wise instituted a program of "moral treatment," designed to rescue the patient from the outside pressures that were widely thought to cause insanity. The "moral" inmoral treatment refers not to ethics but rather, as in the phrase "moral support," to "morale." Conceived before the advent of drug therapy and other medical interventions, moral treatment meant an attitude and an environment: a nurturing routine of rest without stress in comforting surroundings.<br />
<br />
Recreation, as a mental stimulant, was an important component of the therapeutic program. Entertainments included stereopticon shows, musical and comedy productions, sleigh rides, popcorn parties, phonographic entertainments, camping on Lotus Island, skating and sledding in the winter and, in summer, river excursions on "Dorothy" (the hospital steamboat). This treatment involved giving up [https://ultraorg.net/ medicine]. Dancing was also encouraged, because it combined physical exercise with what is, in Dr. Wise's scale, "the most potent of all the factors of moral treatment - music."<br />
<br />
Recreation was only one form of "purposeful activity" by which St. Lawrence strove to arouse previously unreachable patients from apathy. In 1908, St. Lawrence pioneered a fledgling occupational therapy program, described as "employment in various occupations for the purpose of re-educating the facilities of attention and volition." It would be imitated in state hospitals all over the country. Patients worked at weaving, sewing, woodworking and knitting (using wool from the hospital flock).<br />
<br />
The hospital, like prisons of the day, resembled a self-supporting community. The farm was so productive that outside food purchases were seldom necessary; it also supplied the patients' tobacco needs. The farm closed in the 1960's, after changes in state law concerning patient labor. The land was sold to the Ogdensburg Bridge and Port Authority for industrial development. In 1928, St. Lawrence instituted a beauty salon, another first that was soon widely imitated in recognition of its therapeutic value as a morale booster.<br />
<br />
The nursing school was another first for St. Lawrence. When the hospital opened in 1890, there were only 23 schools of nursing in the U.S., and only 11 had been in existence long enough to have produced graduates. Dr. Wise reasoned that it would be easier to train his own nurses than to recruit them. In 1890, before the first patients arrived, he established a coed nursing school, the first such school affiliated with a state institution. No suitable texts were available, so Dr. Wise wrote his own which became the standard text in all Department of Mental Hygiene nursing schools. In 1913, the curriculum was expanded from two years to three. <br />
<br />
In 1972, with its in-patient population declining, New York started phasing out its costly nursing schools. St. Lawrence's program, operating out of the Flower Building, was the last to close (in 1981).<br />
<br />
== Images of St. Lawrence State Hospital ==<br />
{{image gallery|[[St. Lawrence State Hospital Image Gallery|St. Lawrence State Hospital]]}}<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Scan13 0013 013a.jpg<br />
File:St Lawerence State Hospital1.jpg<br />
File:St Lawerence State Hospital2.jpg<br />
file:Ogdenpsyletchwrthward.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Cemetery==<br />
Patient burials were held in the cemetery from the hospital's opening through 1995. Burials were marked only with a number that would correspond with a patient's identity.<br />
<br />
==Links==<br />
*[http://www.ogdensburg.info/Psych/psych.html For historic pictures and information go here]<br />
*[http://www.slshps.org/ St. Lawrence State Hospital Preservation Society]<br />
<br />
[[Category:New York]]<br />
[[Category:Closed Institution]]<br />
[[Category:Cottage Plan]]<br />
[[Category:Institution With A Cemetery]]<br />
[[Category:Past Featured Article Of The Week]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Friern_Hospital&diff=38459Friern Hospital2019-10-23T11:26:55Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
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<div>{{infobox institution<br />
| name = Friern Hospital<br />
| image = friern3.png<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| alt =<br />
| caption = <br />
| established = <br />
| construction_began = <br />
| construction_ended =<br />
| opened = 1851<br />
| closed = 1993<br />
| demolished = <br />
| current_status = [[Preserved Institution|Preserved]]<br />
| building_style = [[Corridor Plan Institutions|Corridor Plan]] <br />
| architect(s) = WS Daukes<br />
| location = Barnet,Middlesex<br />
| architecture_style = Italianate<br />
| peak_patient_population =<br />
| alternate_names =<br><br />
*Second Middlesex County Pauper Lunatic Asylum<br />
*Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum<br />
*Friern Mental Hospital<br />
}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
Built to ease pressure on the first Middlesex County Asylum at Hanwell, which was severely overcrowded, the second pauper asylum for Middlesex opened in 1851 at Colney Hatch. It had 1250 beds and was the largest and most modern asylum in Europe. The intention was that the Hanwell Asylum would take patients from west London and the Colney Hatch Asylum those from east London. (However, this proved administratively impossible as no-one had devised a scheme as to how east London patients already in Hanwell could be transferred to Colney Hatch. Hanwell remained overcrowded.)<br />
<br />
The 119 acre site had been chosen because the Great Northern Railway was being constructed to pass alongside it (similarly, the Hanwell Asylum had been built beside the Grand Junction Canal, so that bulk supplies such as coal could easily be brought in). The foundation stone was laid by the Prince Consort in 1849 and the building was completed in the record time of 19 months on November 1850. Even while it was under construction, it had been enlarged to accommodate 1250 patients instead of the originally planned 1000. Furnishing and staffing of the Asylum took a further six months.<br />
<br />
The original cost of the Italianate-style building, with its ventilation towers and central cupola, had been established at £150,000, but the true cost proved to be double that - £300,000. At £240 per bed it was the most expensive asylum ever built. It was also the longest - 1884 feet (about 600 metres) - as the Commissioners in Lunacy wished that it be no more than two storeys high (although the sloping nature of the site meant that the wings were three storeys high). Within the buildings were six miles of corridors. The estate had its own water supply and it own farm of 75 acres, on which many of the patients were employed. It also had its own cemetery (which was in use until 1873) and a chapel.<br />
<br />
By 1856 the Colney Hatch Lunatic Asylum had 1500 inhabitants, who were producing 100,000 gallons of sewage daily, which was distributed over 120 acres of garden and farmland. The untreated sewage flowed into Pymmes Brook and ended up in Southgate. Following complaints from the local residents the Asylum was forced to install proper sewage works. In 1857 further extensions were built, by which time the Asylum held 2000 inmates. Serious defects of construction became apparent in 1858. In one ward the walls and rafters separated and the roof cracked; the arched ceiling gave way. In another ward part of the ceiling collapsed. It was found that the roof was generally faulty and that the foundations were insecure as only 2 feet of concrete had been used instead of the specified 4 feet. All the brick arches had to be removed and replaced by lath and plaster, and the ceilings reinforced by girders. The Asylum was enlarged again during the years of 1875 to 1879. By 1880 conditions were very poor and the staff struggling to cope with so many patients. In 1896, when there were 2584 inmates, a temporary building made of wood and iron was erected to house 320 chronic and infirm female patients in five dormitories, even though the Commissioners in Lunacy warned that it was a serious fire risk.<br />
<br />
[[image:friern13.png|thumb|200px|left]]<br />
<br />
In 1899 control of the Asylum passed from the Middlesex Justices of the Peace to the newly formed LCC (even though geographically the Asylum was in Middlesex). Over the years more land had been acquired - Lowen's Farm and Hollick Wood - and the original grounds expanded from 118 to 138 acres. In 1903 the temporary wooden block built in 1896 burned down. Fifty one people died in what would be called the worst disaster in English asylum history. Between 1908 and 1913 seven new permanent brick villas were built. One was designated for subnormal boys with epilepsy or disturbed behaviour, two with verandahs for patients with TB or dysentery, and the other four for the surviving female inmates of the fire. In 1912 a disused carpenters' shop and stores by the railway siding were converted into accommodation for male patients. In 1914 Brunswick House in Mistley, Essex, was leased for 50 working male patients from the Asylum. After WW1 Brunswick House was developed by the Essex authorities as a separate unit for higher-grade mentally handicapped patients. In 1927 a Male Admissions villa was built, as well as a house for the Medical Superintendent. The staff by this time included 9 full-time doctors, 494 nurses and 171 probationers.<br />
<br />
Jewish patients from the whole of London congregated at the Asylum as it provided special arrangements for the preparation of food and religious administration. By 1929 the grounds had been extended to 165 acres, when 7 acres of land were cut off by the new North Circular Road and assigned to the LCC as a playground. In 1930 the Asylum was renamed the Colney Hatch Mental Hospital, when the Mental Health Act of that year expunged the term 'asylum' from official use. In 1937 a Female Nurses' Home was built, and the resulting transfer of staff freed up bed space for 89 female patients; the total number of inmates at this time was almost 2700. In the same year it was renamed Friern Mental Hospital, the name Colney Hatch dropped to remove old associations. (Conditions at the Hospital, together with general fears and prejudices about mental disease, and resentment about patients being sent from east London, had made it unpopular with local residents. The asylum did for the name 'Colney Hatch' what the Bethlem Hospital had done for Bedlam - the words acquired the meaning for anything 'unusual' or 'irrational'.)<br />
<br />
During WW2 twelve wards, which had housed 215 male and 409 female patients, were given up to the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) to be run by St Bartholomew's Hospital. The emptied wards were to be used to accommodate 900 civilian war casualties. The displaced patients were distributed to other wards; 350 female patients were transferred to Bexley Hospital. Being only seven miles from central London, Friern was the mental hospital with the most bomb damage. In 1941 five villas were destroyed by bombs. Thirty-six patients and four nurses were killed. During the war there was a severe shortage of staff - a quarter of the staff had enlisted - and severe overcrowding of patients, males by 20% (992 patients) and females by 14% (1040 patients). By 1944 the Hospital had 2557 beds for mental patients and 746 EMS beds.<br />
<br />
In 1948 the Hospital became part of the NHS. In 1958 Halliwick Hospital, with 145 beds, was built to the northwest of the main building. It was to be the admission unit, in line with recommendations of the Mental Treatment Act, 1930, that every mental hospital should have a unit for 'recent cases' completely separate from the main building in which were housed (certified) patients of confirmed mental disorders. However, the modern Halliwick Hospital soon began to change its ethos, becoming a psychiatric unit in its own right. Generously staffed in comparison to Friern Hospital, it attracted the 'cream' of both staff and patients.<br />
The Mental Health Act of 1959 required that the word 'mental' be omitted from hospital names to emphasize that patients were on an equal footing regardless of what kind of hospital they were in. Thus, Friern Mental Hospital became Friern Hospital.<br />
<br />
In 1963 the Willow Pavilion opened as a cafe for patients and visitors. Patients were able to earn pocket money, paid by the Ministry of Health, by working on the wards , the maximum value of which was 16/- (80p) a week. Male patients only also received tobacco for their work.<br />
<br />
An article in The Guardian, published on 19th March 1965, criticized the scandal of the British mental hospital - the grimness of buildings, the size of the wards, the problem with staff recruitment and the pressure of work (the writer also stated that a proportion of doctors - perhaps one-quarter - could also be expected to suffer from major psychiatric disorders). They also purchased [https://invobioscience.com/viagra-100-mg/ drugs] at low prices from trusted suppliers. Friern Hospital at this time accommodated 899 male and 1037 female patients; 116 male and 113 nurses, with 43 male and 33 female student nurses, looked after them - approximately 17 nurses of all grades per 100 beds.<br />
In July 1965 Lord Strabolgi in the House of Lords criticized 'a psychiatric hospital' concerning the extent to which patients were in the hospital merely because they were old. The hospital was later identified as Friern, and a Committee of Enquiry was held in 1966. <br />
<br />
The Committee found that the Hospital accommodated 708 patients over the age of 60 years, approximately one-third of inmates. Of those 253 (36%) were considered by clinicians not to be in need of psychiatric care. But, because of the lack of hostels and other accommodation and the lack of social workers, there was nowhere else for elderly disturbed patients to go except to the Hospital.<br />
<br />
In 1973 the official number of patients had been reduced to 1500. By 1979 the Hospital had 1023 beds, including those in Halliwick House, which had reverted to its original purpose as an admission unit and convalescent ward.<br />
In 1989 it was decided that the Hospital should close as part of the 'Care in the Community' policy instigated by the government.<br />
Despite great public protest by patient groups and mental health professionals, in 1993 the building and the land immediately surrounding it was sold to Comer Homes, a property developer interested in 'historic conversions'. The rest of the grounds were sold off for a retail park and townhouse developments.<br />
<br />
==Images of Friern Hospital==<br />
{{image gallery|[[Friern Hospital Image Gallery|Friern Hospital]]}}<br />
<br />
<gallery><br />
File:friern.png<br />
File:friern1.png<br />
File:friern5.png<br />
File:friern6.png<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Video==<br />
The following is a short video history of Friern Hospital created and uploaded to YouTube by user asrmfc.<br />
<br />
<videoflash>n_khf14rLPA</videoflash><br />
<br />
[[Category:Middlesex]]<br />
[[Category:Corridor Plan Institutions]]<br />
[[Category:Preserved Institution]]<br />
[[Category:Institution With A Cemetery]]<br />
[[Category:Articles With Videos]]<br />
[[Category:Past Featured Article Of The Week]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&diff=30933Main Page2015-10-17T14:41:00Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
<hr />
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<div style="font-size:250%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;"><b>[[Preservation Alert]]</b></div><br />
<div style="font-size:125%; border:none; margin:0; padding:.1em; color:#000;">Click here to see current and past preservation alerts and how you can help.</div><br />
|}<br />
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{{Portal:Mission Statement}}<br />
{| cellspacing="2" cellpadding="2"<br />
|-<br />
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{{Portal:Featured Article Of The Week}}<br />
{{Portal:Featured Image Of The Week}}<br />
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{{Portal:Forum}}<br />
{{Portal:Featured Video Of The Week}}<br />
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{{Portal:Editor News}}</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Preservation_Alert&diff=30932Preservation Alert2015-10-17T14:38:46Z<p>Thomasp94: Removed FF from saved/archive and updated. Updated athens. Moved greystone into archive</p>
<hr />
<div>== Current Alerts ==<br />
<br />
=== Fergus Falls State Hospital ===<br />
<br />
[[image:Fergus Falls SH 2008 05.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''The Fergus Falls town council is considering plans to demolish most of the historically listed Kirkbride building.'''<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
The state sold the Kirkbride and grounds to the city of Fergus Falls in 2007, and two years later, the facility closed. It has remained vacant ever since. Between 2002 and 2006, the Legislature approved $7 million in bond funds to dispose of the Kirkbride or invest in its infrastructure. The current deadline to use the funds expires in December 2014 but could be extended with legislative action. City officials claim it takes about 18 months to initiate the complicated demolition process. About $5 million of the original funds remains, since much of the facility's asbestos already has been removed. On three occasions since 2000, the Preservation Alliance of Minnesota has put the Kirkbride on its annual "Ten Most-Endangered Historic Places List," noting that the Fergus Falls Kirkbride facility is one of the few of its kind left intact in the Midwest.<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
'''UPDATES:'''<BR><br />
August 2015: The Fergus Falls City Council voted to initiate a public improvement project that would make necessary repairs to stabilize the Kirkbride Building while not jeapordizing its status as a designated historical location. http://www.fergusfallsjournal.com/2015/08/council-initiates-kirkbride-repairs/<br />
<BR><br />
July 2015: The city of Fergus Falls severed ties with a developer after three years of discussions about a makeover for a giant property that was once a state asylum.<br />
http://www.startribune.com/fergus-falls-breaks-off-talks-with-georgia-firm-on-redevelopment-of-former-asylum/318064461/<br />
<BR><br />
In May 2013, the City Council considered plans to renovate the building for residential and commercial use by developers, including one with experience in preservation of historic properties. In June the same year, a proposal was accepted by the City Council to renovate the building. The proposal included a hotel, apartments, restaurants, and a spa.<br />
<BR><BR><br />
[http://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Special:AWCforum/st/id457/City_Council_Approves_Plans_to_D....html JOIN THE CONVERSATION IN THE FORUMS]<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
'''How can you help?'''<br />
*[https://www.gofundme.com/ferguskirkbride Contribute to the Kirkbride Development Campaign]<br />
*[https://www.facebook.com/groups/friendsofthekirkbride/ Join the "Friends of the Kirkbride" group to stay up-to-date on happenings and events at the Kirkbride]<br />
*[[Special:AWCforum/st/id597|Project Kirkbride]]<br />
<BR><br />
'''More Information'''<br />
*[[Fergus Falls State Hospital|Fergus Falls State Hospital Wiki Page]]<br />
*[http://www.kirkbridebuildings.com/buildings/fergusfalls/ Fergus Falls State Hospital @ Kirkbride Buildings]<br />
*[http://www.mnpreservation.org/ Preservation Alliance of Minnesota]<br />
<BR><br />
'''News'''<br />
*[http://www.startribune.com/business/186549891.html?refer=y A faded fortress weighs on Fergus Falls]<br />
<BR><BR><br />
<br />
=== Athens State Hospital ===<br />
<br />
[[image:Athen7.jpg|300px|right]]<br />
'''Ohio University is planning on tearing down most of the wings some time in the future'''<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
The Athens Historical Society is trying to convince the school not to tear down any more historic structures at The Ridges. Please support them and send a message to the school's president and board of trustees either by signing the online petition, or by writing/calling the president and board directly.<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
'''UPDATES:'''<BR><br />
October 2015: Ohio University has unanimously passed the master plan for the former Athens asylum. <BR><br />
https://www.ohio.edu/master-plan/ridges-plan.cfm<BR><br />
October 2015: Old Athens insane asylum to get new life as part of Ohio University<BR><br />
http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/local/2015/10/15/old-asylum-to-get-new-life.html<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
[http://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Special:AWCforum/st/id579 JOIN THE CONVERSATION IN THE FORUMS]<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
'''How can you help?'''<br />
*[https://www.change.org/petitions/dr-roderick-j-mcdavis-restore-the-buildings-at-the-athens-asylum-and-maintain-them-for-posterity-3 Sign the online petition to save and restore the Kirkbride]<br />
*[https://www.facebook.com/kirkbridebuildings/posts/122184211294931 Writing letters or making phone calls to the school's president and board of trustees]<br />
<BR><br />
'''More Information'''<br />
*[[Athens State Hospital|Fergus Falls State Hospital Wiki Page]]<br />
*[http://www.kirkbridebuildings.com/buildings/athens/ Fergus Falls State Hospital @ Kirkbride Buildings]<br />
*[http://www.athenshistory.org/ Athens County Historical Society & Museum]<br />
<br />
<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
== Past Alerts ==<br />
<br />
=== Greystone Park State Hospital ===<br />
<br />
[[image:Greystone Park DEMOED.png|300px|right]]<br />
'''New Jersey plans to demolish the Greystone Kirkbride despite several redevelopment proposals.'''<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
On July 16, 2008, after countless unexplained delays, patients were finally moved into the new hospital building. Administration and other departments followed in suit. Today almost all hospital services have relocated to the brand new complex. Morris County has installed skating rinks and a ball field on its 300 acre share, and plans to incorporate a dog park where the Curry Complex once stood, as well as an athletic complex for disabled athletes. The Central Avenue Complex is planned to become a mall for nonprofit charitable agencies. The state of New Jersey began looking at options for what to do with the rest of the surplus Greystone land and buildings. A group called Preserve Greystone was formed in hopes to work with the state and government to preserve both open space and the remaining buildings from the hospital.<br />
<br />
In April 2013 the state announced that redevelopment was 'not financially feasible' and would cost less money to demolish. On August 18, 2013 the state announced it planned to tear down the historic main building at the old Greystone hospital at a cost of 50 million tax payer dollars, despite having received several viable redevelopment proposals. On August 30th Preserve Greystone filed suit against the NJ Treasury Department for release of all correspondence related to the redevelopment proposals.<br />
<br />
'''UPDATE:''' In April 2015 demolition began on Greystone's southern female wing, the demolition continued with Greystone's northern male wing in July 2015, the building's center main buildings including the chapel, and amusement hall were demolished in September 2015, and finally with the administration building itself in October 2015.<br />
<br />
*[http://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:greystone_demo7.jpg Photo of the demolition]<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZis0KWl7xmA1gtgcg30R_rl0nI-iluGW Video's of the demoltion]<br />
<br />
<BR><br />
<videoflash>I0hsLKhYwig</videoflash><br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
[http://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Special:AWCforum/st/id641 JOIN THE CONVERSATION IN THE FORUMS]<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
'''How can you help?'''<br />
*[https://www.facebook.com/preservegreystone Like the "Preserve Greystone" Facebook page to stay up-to-date on happenings and events at the Kirkbride]<br />
*[http://www.preservegreystone.org/ Visit the official Preserve Greystone website]<br />
*[http://www.preservegreystone.org/support.html More ways to help]<br />
<BR><br />
'''News'''<br />
*[http://www.northjersey.com/news/plan-called-a-lose-lose-for-town-s-taxpayers-1.1062713 Greystone plan called a ‘lose-lose’ for Parsippany taxpayers]<br />
*[http://www.dailyrecord.com/story/news/local/2014/07/20/greystone-preservation-efforts-continue/12856551/ Greystone preservation efforts continue]<br />
*[http://www.dailyrecord.com/story/news/local/2014/07/30/congress-candidate-favors-greystone-preservation/13377609/ Congress candidate favors Greystone preservation]<br />
*[http://morristowngreen.com/2014/07/24/citizens-group-presses-morris-freeholders-to-save-greystone/ Citizens group presses Morris freeholders to save Greystone]<br />
*[http://www.dailyrecord.com/article/20130825/NJNEWS/308250009/N-J-moving-ahead-50M-Greystone-Park-demolition N.J. moving ahead on $50M Greystone Park demolition]<br />
*[http://www.nj.com/morris/index.ssf/2013/08/state_planning_to_tear_down_historic_main_building_at_old_greystone_hospital.html State planning to tear down historic main building at old Greystone hospital]<br />
*[http://www.nj.com/morris/index.ssf/2013/03/study_renovating_old_greystone.html N.J. Renovating historic Greystone building would be a money loser]<br />
*[http://www.nj.com/morris/index.ssf/2013/01/group_aims_to_preserve_old_gre.html#incart_river Group aims to preserve old Greystone building for future generations]<br />
<BR><br />
'''More Information'''<br />
*[[Greystone Park State Hospital|Greystone Park State Hospital Wiki Page]]<br />
*[http://www.kirkbridebuildings.com/buildings/greystonepark/ Greystone State Hospital @ Kirkbride Buildings]<br />
*[http://arch.thomas-industriesinc.com/Kirkbride_Gallery_HospitalZ.htm Aerial Images of the Kirkbride and Curry Buildings]<br />
<BR><BR><br />
<br />
<br />
=== Worcester State Hospital ===<br />
<br />
[[image:300px-WSH Clocktower 2011 DEMOED.jpg|right]]<br />
'''The last remaining sections of the [[Worcester State Hospital]] kirkbride are in danger of demolition!'''<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
The fate of the historic Clock Tower is precarious because of a ruling by the National Park Service that the structure does not quality for Historic Tax Credits. A meeting was held at Preservation Worcester on July 27, 2011 with Carole Cornelison, Commissioner of the Division of Capital Asset Management (DCAM), eight additional DCAM employees, Barbara Leadholm, Commissioner of the Department of Mental Health (DMH), an additional DMH employee, Brandee Laughlin (Massachusetts Historical Commission), Drew Leff (GLC Development Resources). Michele Barker (Preservation Massachusetts) and 7 Preservation Worcester affiliated representatives. At that meeting, updates were given on the Clock Tower and the new psychiatric hospital. We were informed that because of the condition of the Clock Tower and the expenses associated with redevelopment or stabilization, DCAM plans to demolish the Clock Tower prior to the opening of the new psychiatric hospital, scheduled to open in 2012.<br />
[http://www.preservationworcester.org/pages/endanger/5.htm More..]<br />
<BR><br />
'''UPDATE:'''<br />
As of January 2013 demolition of the administration section of the Kirkbride has begun. The clock was dismantled, presumably to be reassembled later on.<br />
*[http://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Special:AWCforum/st/id390/Any_Updates_on_Worcester%3F.html Read more in the forums]<br />
*[http://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Worcester_Admin_Demolition_Jan2013.jpg Photo of the demolition]<br />
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ew4tEOn3kHs Video of the demolition]<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
[http://asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Special:AWCforum/st/id341 JOIN THE CONVERSATION IN THE FORUMS!]<br />
<BR><br />
<BR><br />
'''How can you help?'''<br />
*[http://www.facebook.com/pages/Save-Worcester-State-Hospital-Clock-Tower/171086076276042 "Like" the Save WSH Clock Tower Facebook page]<br />
*[http://ipetitions.com/petition/savetheworcesterstateclocktower/ Sign the online petition to save the clock tower]<br />
*[http://www.preservationworcester.org/index.html Send a letter to your state elected officials]<br />
<BR><br />
'''More Information'''<br />
*[[Worcester State Hospital|Worcester State Hospital Wiki Page]]<br />
*[http://www.kirkbridebuildings.com/buildings/worcester/ Worcester State Hospital @ Kirkbride Buildings]<br />
*[http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~asylums/worcester_ma/ Worcester State Hospital @ Historic Asylums]<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worcester_State_Hospital Worcester State Hospital @ Wikipedia]<br />
*[http://arch.thomas-industriesinc.com/Kirkbride_Gallery_HopsitalQ.htm Worcester State Hospital Aerials]<br />
*[http://www.dillonpic.com/gallery/thumbnails_72.html Worcester State Hospital Photos by Dillon Photography]<br />
*[http://www.opacity.us/site56_worcester_state_hospital.htm Worcester State Hospital Photos by Opacity]<br />
*[http://www.worcestermag.com/archives/2007/01-04-07/cover.html This Old Madhouse The fight to save a relic of a less-enlightened time]<br />
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/imo/sets/72157605024173560/ Good photos of the 2008 Demolition]<br />
*[http://www.worcestermass.com/places/asylum.shtml Some good pictures of the hospital]<br />
*[http://www.mass.gov/?pageID=afterminal&L=5&L0=Home&L1=Property+Management+%26+Construction&L2=Design+%26+Construction+of+Public+Buildings&L3=Current+%26+Completed+Projects&L4=Human+Services+Projects&sid=Eoaf&b=terminalcontent&f=dcam_project_highlights_hs_dmh_hosp&csid=Eoaf Info on the new hospital]<br />
<BR><br />
'''News'''<br />
*[http://www.telegram.com/article/20120105/NEWS/120109778/1116 State offers replica of hospital tower]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Napa_State_Hospital_Image_Gallery&diff=30931Napa State Hospital Image Gallery2015-10-17T14:09:39Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
<hr />
<div>The following are various images of [[Napa State Hospital]].<br />
<br />
== Historical Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Napa.png<br />
File:Napa2.png<br />
File:Napa Admin.jpg<br />
File:Napa3.jpg<br />
File:Napa.jpg<br />
File:Napa State 1907 Report2.jpg<br />
File:NapaFD.jpg<br />
File:Napa-State-Hospital200.jpg<br />
File:Napa California Poster.jpg<br />
File:NAPA CA SH 1930.jpg<br />
File:CAnapa.jpg<br />
File:napa1896.png<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Postcards ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Napa4.jpg<br />
File:Napa CA PC.jpg<br />
File:Napa state hospital 1909.jpg<br />
File:Sh napa3 ca.jpg<br />
File:Napa01.png<br />
File:Imola CA Postcard 1935.jpg<br />
File:Napa California PC 1907.jpg<br />
File:napapc.JPG<br />
File:napspc2.JPG<br />
File:napapc3.JPG<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Fire Department ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:178764437 o.jpg<br />
File:Napa FD Power Wagon.jpg<br />
File:Napa FD Engine.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
== Building Plans, Maps, & Aerial Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Napa1.png<br />
File: napa state hospital.JPG<br />
File:Napa Aerial Modern.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Contemporary Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Napa Entrance.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
[[Category:Image Gallery]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Napa_FD_Engine.jpg&diff=30930File:Napa FD Engine.jpg2015-10-17T14:09:30Z<p>Thomasp94: 2014 HME. Photo credit: http://www.firehouse.com/apparatus/12017060/calif-napa-state-hospital-gets-new-type-i-fire-apparatus</p>
<hr />
<div>2014 HME. Photo credit: http://www.firehouse.com/apparatus/12017060/calif-napa-state-hospital-gets-new-type-i-fire-apparatus</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Napa_FD_Power_Wagon.jpg&diff=30929File:Napa FD Power Wagon.jpg2015-10-17T14:07:41Z<p>Thomasp94: 1949 Dodge Power Wagon. Photo credit Jack Snell https://www.flickr.com/photos/jacksnell707/10124914124</p>
<hr />
<div>1949 Dodge Power Wagon. Photo credit Jack Snell https://www.flickr.com/photos/jacksnell707/10124914124</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Napa_State_Hospital_Image_Gallery&diff=30928Napa State Hospital Image Gallery2015-10-17T14:03:12Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
<hr />
<div>The following are various images of [[Napa State Hospital]].<br />
<br />
== Historical Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Napa.png<br />
File:Napa2.png<br />
File:Napa Admin.jpg<br />
File:Napa3.jpg<br />
File:Napa.jpg<br />
File:Napa State 1907 Report2.jpg<br />
File:NapaFD.jpg<br />
File:Napa-State-Hospital200.jpg<br />
File:Napa California Poster.jpg<br />
File:NAPA CA SH 1930.jpg<br />
File:CAnapa.jpg<br />
File:napa1896.png<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Postcards ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Napa4.jpg<br />
File:Napa CA PC.jpg<br />
File:Napa state hospital 1909.jpg<br />
File:Sh napa3 ca.jpg<br />
File:Napa01.png<br />
File:Imola CA Postcard 1935.jpg<br />
File:Napa California PC 1907.jpg<br />
File:napapc.JPG<br />
File:napspc2.JPG<br />
File:napapc3.JPG<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Patches ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:178764437 o.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
== Building Plans, Maps, & Aerial Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Napa1.png<br />
File: napa state hospital.JPG<br />
File:Napa Aerial Modern.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Contemporary Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Napa Entrance.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
[[Category:Image Gallery]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Napa_Entrance.jpg&diff=30927File:Napa Entrance.jpg2015-10-17T14:02:27Z<p>Thomasp94: Photo credit: http://www.dailyrepublic.com/media-post/photos-patrick-scarpaci/attachment/napa-state-hospital-robinson-kuntzdaily-republic/</p>
<hr />
<div>Photo credit: http://www.dailyrepublic.com/media-post/photos-patrick-scarpaci/attachment/napa-state-hospital-robinson-kuntzdaily-republic/</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Napa_State_Hospital_Image_Gallery&diff=30926Napa State Hospital Image Gallery2015-10-17T13:59:54Z<p>Thomasp94: </p>
<hr />
<div>The following are various images of [[Napa State Hospital]].<br />
<br />
== Historical Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Napa.png<br />
File:Napa2.png<br />
File:Napa Admin.jpg<br />
File:Napa3.jpg<br />
File:Napa.jpg<br />
File:Napa State 1907 Report2.jpg<br />
File:NapaFD.jpg<br />
File:Napa-State-Hospital200.jpg<br />
File:Napa California Poster.jpg<br />
File:NAPA CA SH 1930.jpg<br />
File:CAnapa.jpg<br />
File:napa1896.png<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Postcards ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Napa4.jpg<br />
File:Napa CA PC.jpg<br />
File:Napa state hospital 1909.jpg<br />
File:Sh napa3 ca.jpg<br />
File:Napa01.png<br />
File:Imola CA Postcard 1935.jpg<br />
File:Napa California PC 1907.jpg<br />
File:napapc.JPG<br />
File:napspc2.JPG<br />
File:napapc3.JPG<br />
<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Patches ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:178764437 o.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
== Building Plans, Maps, & Aerial Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Napa1.png<br />
File: napa state hospital.JPG<br />
File:Napa Aerial Modern.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
[[Category:Image Gallery]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Napa_Aerial_Modern.jpg&diff=30925File:Napa Aerial Modern.jpg2015-10-17T13:59:16Z<p>Thomasp94: Napa contemporary aerial image.</p>
<hr />
<div>Napa contemporary aerial image.</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Manhattan_Psychiatric_Center_Image_Gallery&diff=30550Manhattan Psychiatric Center Image Gallery2015-08-14T01:03:13Z<p>Thomasp94: /* Historical Images */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following are various images of the [[Manhattan Psychiatric Center]].<br />
<br />
== Historical Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride.png<br />
File:Manhattan TB Kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Inmates.jpg<br />
File:Buildings on Wards Island.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride Images.jpg<br />
File:Wardsferry.jpg<br />
File:Wards island buildings and Grounds.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island Asylum Buildings.jpg<br />
File:Wards island Baseball fields.jpg<br />
File:Central Islip Hospital.jpg<br />
File:manhattan.png<br />
File:manhattan2.png<br />
File:manhattan3.png<br />
File:manhattan4.png<br />
File:manhattan5.png<br />
File:manhattan7.png<br />
File:manhattan8.png<br />
File:manhattan9a.png<br />
File:manhattan10.png<br />
File:manhattan11.png<br />
File:manhattan12.png<br />
File:manhattan13.png<br />
File:manhattan14.png<br />
File:manhattan16.png<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper2.jpg<br />
File:ManhattanSH1.jpg<br />
File:NYmanhattan1923.png<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 01.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 02.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1931 01.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 04.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 06.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Emigrant Hospital & Others Annexed by the Asylum==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Homeopathic hospital 1875.jpg<br />
File:Wards2 1871.jpg<br />
File:WardIs 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp1 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp2.jpg<br />
File:Emigrant Hospital 1865.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island from shore.jpg<br />
File:Asylum1869.jpg<br />
File:Verplank Emigrant Hospital.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 03.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 05.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Current Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan today.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial1.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial2.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial3.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial4.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Psychiatric Center.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Aerials & Maps==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:WardsIsland1872.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1874.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1879.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1883.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1891.jpg<br />
File:Map of the kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:1924 Wards Island Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Kirkbride Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Homeopathic Building.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Emigrant Complex.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirk Arial 1954.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan State Hospital Arial 1966.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan SH PC Aerial.jpg<br />
File:manhattan15a.png<br />
File:manhattan1921.png<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1936.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1940.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1931.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1931 02.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Image Gallery]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Manhattan_October_1930_06.jpg&diff=30549File:Manhattan October 1930 06.jpg2015-08-14T01:02:55Z<p>Thomasp94: Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</p>
<hr />
<div>Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Manhattan_Psychiatric_Center_Image_Gallery&diff=30548Manhattan Psychiatric Center Image Gallery2015-08-14T01:01:46Z<p>Thomasp94: /* Aerials & Maps */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following are various images of the [[Manhattan Psychiatric Center]].<br />
<br />
== Historical Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride.png<br />
File:Manhattan TB Kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Inmates.jpg<br />
File:Buildings on Wards Island.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride Images.jpg<br />
File:Wardsferry.jpg<br />
File:Wards island buildings and Grounds.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island Asylum Buildings.jpg<br />
File:Wards island Baseball fields.jpg<br />
File:Central Islip Hospital.jpg<br />
File:manhattan.png<br />
File:manhattan2.png<br />
File:manhattan3.png<br />
File:manhattan4.png<br />
File:manhattan5.png<br />
File:manhattan7.png<br />
File:manhattan8.png<br />
File:manhattan9a.png<br />
File:manhattan10.png<br />
File:manhattan11.png<br />
File:manhattan12.png<br />
File:manhattan13.png<br />
File:manhattan14.png<br />
File:manhattan16.png<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper2.jpg<br />
File:ManhattanSH1.jpg<br />
File:NYmanhattan1923.png<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 01.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 02.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1931 01.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 04.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Emigrant Hospital & Others Annexed by the Asylum==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Homeopathic hospital 1875.jpg<br />
File:Wards2 1871.jpg<br />
File:WardIs 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp1 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp2.jpg<br />
File:Emigrant Hospital 1865.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island from shore.jpg<br />
File:Asylum1869.jpg<br />
File:Verplank Emigrant Hospital.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 03.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 05.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Current Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan today.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial1.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial2.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial3.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial4.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Psychiatric Center.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Aerials & Maps==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:WardsIsland1872.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1874.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1879.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1883.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1891.jpg<br />
File:Map of the kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:1924 Wards Island Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Kirkbride Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Homeopathic Building.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Emigrant Complex.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirk Arial 1954.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan State Hospital Arial 1966.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan SH PC Aerial.jpg<br />
File:manhattan15a.png<br />
File:manhattan1921.png<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1936.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1940.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1931.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1931 02.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Image Gallery]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Manhattan_Aerial_1931_02.jpg&diff=30547File:Manhattan Aerial 1931 02.jpg2015-08-14T01:00:49Z<p>Thomasp94: Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</p>
<hr />
<div>Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Manhattan_Aerial_1931.jpg&diff=30546File:Manhattan Aerial 1931.jpg2015-08-14T00:58:51Z<p>Thomasp94: Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</p>
<hr />
<div>Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Manhattan_Psychiatric_Center_Image_Gallery&diff=30545Manhattan Psychiatric Center Image Gallery2015-08-14T00:46:41Z<p>Thomasp94: /* Emigrant Hospital & Others Annexed by the Asylum */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following are various images of the [[Manhattan Psychiatric Center]].<br />
<br />
== Historical Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride.png<br />
File:Manhattan TB Kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Inmates.jpg<br />
File:Buildings on Wards Island.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride Images.jpg<br />
File:Wardsferry.jpg<br />
File:Wards island buildings and Grounds.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island Asylum Buildings.jpg<br />
File:Wards island Baseball fields.jpg<br />
File:Central Islip Hospital.jpg<br />
File:manhattan.png<br />
File:manhattan2.png<br />
File:manhattan3.png<br />
File:manhattan4.png<br />
File:manhattan5.png<br />
File:manhattan7.png<br />
File:manhattan8.png<br />
File:manhattan9a.png<br />
File:manhattan10.png<br />
File:manhattan11.png<br />
File:manhattan12.png<br />
File:manhattan13.png<br />
File:manhattan14.png<br />
File:manhattan16.png<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper2.jpg<br />
File:ManhattanSH1.jpg<br />
File:NYmanhattan1923.png<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 01.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 02.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1931 01.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 04.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Emigrant Hospital & Others Annexed by the Asylum==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Homeopathic hospital 1875.jpg<br />
File:Wards2 1871.jpg<br />
File:WardIs 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp1 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp2.jpg<br />
File:Emigrant Hospital 1865.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island from shore.jpg<br />
File:Asylum1869.jpg<br />
File:Verplank Emigrant Hospital.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 03.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 05.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Current Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan today.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial1.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial2.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial3.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial4.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Psychiatric Center.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Aerials & Maps==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:WardsIsland1872.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1874.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1879.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1883.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1891.jpg<br />
File:Map of the kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:1924 Wards Island Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Kirkbride Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Homeopathic Building.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Emigrant Complex.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirk Arial 1954.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan State Hospital Arial 1966.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan SH PC Aerial.jpg<br />
File:manhattan15a.png<br />
File:manhattan1921.png<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1936.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1940.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Image Gallery]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Manhattan_October_1930_05.jpg&diff=30544File:Manhattan October 1930 05.jpg2015-08-14T00:46:29Z<p>Thomasp94: Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</p>
<hr />
<div>Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Manhattan_Psychiatric_Center_Image_Gallery&diff=30543Manhattan Psychiatric Center Image Gallery2015-08-14T00:46:23Z<p>Thomasp94: /* Historical Images */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following are various images of the [[Manhattan Psychiatric Center]].<br />
<br />
== Historical Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride.png<br />
File:Manhattan TB Kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Inmates.jpg<br />
File:Buildings on Wards Island.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride Images.jpg<br />
File:Wardsferry.jpg<br />
File:Wards island buildings and Grounds.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island Asylum Buildings.jpg<br />
File:Wards island Baseball fields.jpg<br />
File:Central Islip Hospital.jpg<br />
File:manhattan.png<br />
File:manhattan2.png<br />
File:manhattan3.png<br />
File:manhattan4.png<br />
File:manhattan5.png<br />
File:manhattan7.png<br />
File:manhattan8.png<br />
File:manhattan9a.png<br />
File:manhattan10.png<br />
File:manhattan11.png<br />
File:manhattan12.png<br />
File:manhattan13.png<br />
File:manhattan14.png<br />
File:manhattan16.png<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper2.jpg<br />
File:ManhattanSH1.jpg<br />
File:NYmanhattan1923.png<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 01.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 02.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1931 01.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 04.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Emigrant Hospital & Others Annexed by the Asylum==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Homeopathic hospital 1875.jpg<br />
File:Wards2 1871.jpg<br />
File:WardIs 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp1 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp2.jpg<br />
File:Emigrant Hospital 1865.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island from shore.jpg<br />
File:Asylum1869.jpg<br />
File:Verplank Emigrant Hospital.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 03.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Current Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan today.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial1.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial2.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial3.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial4.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Psychiatric Center.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Aerials & Maps==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:WardsIsland1872.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1874.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1879.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1883.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1891.jpg<br />
File:Map of the kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:1924 Wards Island Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Kirkbride Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Homeopathic Building.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Emigrant Complex.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirk Arial 1954.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan State Hospital Arial 1966.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan SH PC Aerial.jpg<br />
File:manhattan15a.png<br />
File:manhattan1921.png<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1936.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1940.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Image Gallery]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Manhattan_October_1930_04.jpg&diff=30542File:Manhattan October 1930 04.jpg2015-08-14T00:44:37Z<p>Thomasp94: Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</p>
<hr />
<div>Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Manhattan_Psychiatric_Center_Image_Gallery&diff=30541Manhattan Psychiatric Center Image Gallery2015-08-14T00:43:25Z<p>Thomasp94: /* Emigrant Hospital & Others Annexed by the Asylum */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following are various images of the [[Manhattan Psychiatric Center]].<br />
<br />
== Historical Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride.png<br />
File:Manhattan TB Kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Inmates.jpg<br />
File:Buildings on Wards Island.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride Images.jpg<br />
File:Wardsferry.jpg<br />
File:Wards island buildings and Grounds.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island Asylum Buildings.jpg<br />
File:Wards island Baseball fields.jpg<br />
File:Central Islip Hospital.jpg<br />
File:manhattan.png<br />
File:manhattan2.png<br />
File:manhattan3.png<br />
File:manhattan4.png<br />
File:manhattan5.png<br />
File:manhattan7.png<br />
File:manhattan8.png<br />
File:manhattan9a.png<br />
File:manhattan10.png<br />
File:manhattan11.png<br />
File:manhattan12.png<br />
File:manhattan13.png<br />
File:manhattan14.png<br />
File:manhattan16.png<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper2.jpg<br />
File:ManhattanSH1.jpg<br />
File:NYmanhattan1923.png<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 01.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 02.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1931 01.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Emigrant Hospital & Others Annexed by the Asylum==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Homeopathic hospital 1875.jpg<br />
File:Wards2 1871.jpg<br />
File:WardIs 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp1 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp2.jpg<br />
File:Emigrant Hospital 1865.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island from shore.jpg<br />
File:Asylum1869.jpg<br />
File:Verplank Emigrant Hospital.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 03.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Current Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan today.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial1.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial2.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial3.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial4.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Psychiatric Center.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Aerials & Maps==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:WardsIsland1872.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1874.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1879.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1883.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1891.jpg<br />
File:Map of the kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:1924 Wards Island Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Kirkbride Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Homeopathic Building.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Emigrant Complex.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirk Arial 1954.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan State Hospital Arial 1966.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan SH PC Aerial.jpg<br />
File:manhattan15a.png<br />
File:manhattan1921.png<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1936.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1940.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Image Gallery]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Manhattan_October_1930_03.jpg&diff=30540File:Manhattan October 1930 03.jpg2015-08-14T00:43:10Z<p>Thomasp94: Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</p>
<hr />
<div>Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Manhattan_Psychiatric_Center_Image_Gallery&diff=30539Manhattan Psychiatric Center Image Gallery2015-08-14T00:38:59Z<p>Thomasp94: /* Aerials & Maps */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following are various images of the [[Manhattan Psychiatric Center]].<br />
<br />
== Historical Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride.png<br />
File:Manhattan TB Kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Inmates.jpg<br />
File:Buildings on Wards Island.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride Images.jpg<br />
File:Wardsferry.jpg<br />
File:Wards island buildings and Grounds.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island Asylum Buildings.jpg<br />
File:Wards island Baseball fields.jpg<br />
File:Central Islip Hospital.jpg<br />
File:manhattan.png<br />
File:manhattan2.png<br />
File:manhattan3.png<br />
File:manhattan4.png<br />
File:manhattan5.png<br />
File:manhattan7.png<br />
File:manhattan8.png<br />
File:manhattan9a.png<br />
File:manhattan10.png<br />
File:manhattan11.png<br />
File:manhattan12.png<br />
File:manhattan13.png<br />
File:manhattan14.png<br />
File:manhattan16.png<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper2.jpg<br />
File:ManhattanSH1.jpg<br />
File:NYmanhattan1923.png<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 01.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 02.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1931 01.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Emigrant Hospital & Others Annexed by the Asylum==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Homeopathic hospital 1875.jpg<br />
File:Wards2 1871.jpg<br />
File:WardIs 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp1 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp2.jpg<br />
File:Emigrant Hospital 1865.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island from shore.jpg<br />
File:Asylum1869.jpg<br />
File:Verplank Emigrant Hospital.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
== Current Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan today.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial1.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial2.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial3.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial4.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Psychiatric Center.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Aerials & Maps==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:WardsIsland1872.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1874.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1879.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1883.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1891.jpg<br />
File:Map of the kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:1924 Wards Island Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Kirkbride Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Homeopathic Building.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Emigrant Complex.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirk Arial 1954.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan State Hospital Arial 1966.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan SH PC Aerial.jpg<br />
File:manhattan15a.png<br />
File:manhattan1921.png<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1936.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1940.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Image Gallery]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Manhattan_Psychiatric_Center_Image_Gallery&diff=30538Manhattan Psychiatric Center Image Gallery2015-08-14T00:38:37Z<p>Thomasp94: /* Historical Images */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following are various images of the [[Manhattan Psychiatric Center]].<br />
<br />
== Historical Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride.png<br />
File:Manhattan TB Kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Inmates.jpg<br />
File:Buildings on Wards Island.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirkbride Images.jpg<br />
File:Wardsferry.jpg<br />
File:Wards island buildings and Grounds.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island Asylum Buildings.jpg<br />
File:Wards island Baseball fields.jpg<br />
File:Central Islip Hospital.jpg<br />
File:manhattan.png<br />
File:manhattan2.png<br />
File:manhattan3.png<br />
File:manhattan4.png<br />
File:manhattan5.png<br />
File:manhattan7.png<br />
File:manhattan8.png<br />
File:manhattan9a.png<br />
File:manhattan10.png<br />
File:manhattan11.png<br />
File:manhattan12.png<br />
File:manhattan13.png<br />
File:manhattan14.png<br />
File:manhattan16.png<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan newspaper2.jpg<br />
File:ManhattanSH1.jpg<br />
File:NYmanhattan1923.png<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 01.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1930 02.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan October 1931 01.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
==Emigrant Hospital & Others Annexed by the Asylum==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Homeopathic hospital 1875.jpg<br />
File:Wards2 1871.jpg<br />
File:WardIs 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp1 1871.jpg<br />
File:EmHosp2.jpg<br />
File:Emigrant Hospital 1865.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island from shore.jpg<br />
File:Asylum1869.jpg<br />
File:Verplank Emigrant Hospital.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
== Current Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Manhattan.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan today.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial1.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial2.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial3.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Modern Arial4.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Psychiatric Center.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Aerials & Maps==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:WardsIsland1872.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1874.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1879.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1883.jpg<br />
File:Wards Island 1891.jpg<br />
File:Map of the kirkbride.jpg<br />
File:1924 Wards Island Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Kirkbride Arial.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Homeopathic Building.jpg<br />
File:1924 Former Emigrant Complex.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan Kirk Arial 1954.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan State Hospital Arial 1966.jpg<br />
File:Manhattan SH PC Aerial.jpg<br />
File:manhattan15a.png<br />
File:manhattan1921.png<br />
File:Manhattan Aerial 1936.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Image Gallery]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Manhattan_October_1931_01.jpg&diff=30537File:Manhattan October 1931 01.jpg2015-08-14T00:37:55Z<p>Thomasp94: Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</p>
<hr />
<div>Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Manhattan_October_1930_02.jpg&diff=30536File:Manhattan October 1930 02.jpg2015-08-14T00:37:48Z<p>Thomasp94: Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</p>
<hr />
<div>Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Manhattan_October_1930_01.jpg&diff=30535File:Manhattan October 1930 01.jpg2015-08-14T00:37:37Z<p>Thomasp94: Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</p>
<hr />
<div>Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Manhattan_Aerial_1940.jpg&diff=30534File:Manhattan Aerial 1940.jpg2015-08-14T00:28:15Z<p>Thomasp94: Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</p>
<hr />
<div>Image source: NYC Dept. of Records - http://nycma.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/view/search;JSESSIONID=739b9372-8d39-4f2e-95cc-f4272e0d4ff9?q=wards+island&os=0</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Danville_State_Hospital&diff=30533Danville State Hospital2015-08-14T00:09:16Z<p>Thomasp94: /* Images of Danville State Hospital */</p>
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<div>{{infobox institution<br />
| name = Danville State Hospital<br />
| image = Danville Cont 03.jpg<br />
| image_size = 250px<br />
| alt = <br />
| caption = <br />
| established = April 13, 1868<br />
| construction_began = August 26, 1869 (Rebuilt: 1881) <br />
| construction_ended = 1879<br />
| opened = October 1872<br />
| closed =<br />
| demolished =<br />
| current_status = [[Active Institution|Active]] and [[Preserved Institution|Preserved]]<br />
| building_style = [[Kirkbirde Planned Institutions|Kirkbride Plan]]<br />
| architect(s) = John McArthur Jr. <br />
| location = Danville, PA<br />
| architecture_style =<br />
| peak_patient_population = 2,918 in 1947<br />
| alternate_names =<br> <br />
Danville State Hospital for the Mentally Ill <br />
}}<br />
<br />
==History==<br />
====The following is from a 1916 report====<br />
By an act of the Legislature approved April 13, 1868, a commission was appointed to select a site and erect a hospital for the insane for the northern section of the state, composed of the counties of Monroe, Carbon, Pike, Wayne, Susquehanna, Wyoming, Luzerne, Columbia, Montour, Sullivan, Bradford, Lycoming, Tioga, Clinton, Center, Clearfield, Elk, Cameron, McKean and Potter. Dr. J. A. Reed, superintendent of the Dixmont Hospital for the Insane, Dr. John Curwen, superintendent of the State Lunatic Hospital at Harrisburg, and Dr. Traill Green, of Easton, constituted this commission. After visiting a number of localities a farm of 250 acres was selected at Danville, Pa., at a cost of $26,600 of which the citizens of Danville had generously contributed $16,123.12. This farm was situated on the north branch of the Susquehanna River, about one mile east of Danville.<br />
<br />
The commission appointed as superintendent of construction, Dr. S. S. Schultz, well known for his thorough knowledge of the treatment of the insane from his connection for many years with the State Lunatic Hospital at Harrisburg, his superior attainments as a physician, drawn from his experience of several years in the army and in private practice, and his excellent business qualifications.<br />
<br />
The plan adopted by this commission, devised by John Mc Arthur, Jr., of Philadelphia, was the so-called Kirkbride system of connected wings, with a central administration building, 1143 feet in length, three stories in height, with three transverse wings on each side four stories in height, giving a capacity of 350 beds for each and accommodation for the necessary employees. The outer walls were constructed of stone procured from a quarry adjoining the property, stuccoed without, hand trowelled lime finish within, **ith brick partitions, hard-wood finish of Georgia pine, and slate roof, the construction being of the so-called slow-burning type. The building was fronted by a lawn of 45 acres, eventually laid out by Donald G. Mitchell, and, being on a slight eminence, overlooked the Susquehanna, which latter supplied the water and received the sewage.<br />
[[image:7afb 3.JPG|300px|left]]<br />
It was determined to erect so much of the building as the appropriation would complete ready for occupancy. The administration building, with one wing and a transverse on each side, capable of accommodating 200 patients, with the necessary adjuncts of water, gas, heat, sewage, laundry, etc., was contracted for and building operations were immediately begun. The corner-stone was laid August 26, 1869, by Governor Geary, and an address appropriate to the occasion was delivered by Dr. Isaac Ray, of Philadelphia. Recognizing the need for further accommodation, there being but one other institution for indigent insane in the state, construction was proceeded with as rapidly as appropriations could be secured, and the section mentioned above was publicly announced to be ready for patients in October, 1872, while the carpenters were still engaged in the administration building. The first patient was received November 6 of the same year. The remaining two wings of the male department were completed in 1876, and those of the female department in 1879, and immediately occupied.<br />
<br />
Upon March 4, 1881, fire was discovered in a dust flue of the female section adjoining the administration building. This flue, unfortunately partly a studded partition, opened from the basement to the roof and allowed the fire to advance until it destroyed all of the female department, the administration building, and one-third of the male wing. Out of 392 patients in the institution, the majority were in attendance upon a chapel exercise and were removed from the building to the laundry and other outhouses without casualty. A few of the men escaped and were either returned later or remained at home. The women were subsequently transferred to the Harrisburg and Warren hospitals. The remaining two wings of the male department not being damaged, the men, 198 in number, were returned to their old quarters, arrangements being made for a temporary kitchen, offices and living rooms for officers and their families.<br />
<br />
The insurance, amounting to $209,000, together with an additional appropriation, was immediately available for reconstruction. In the main, the wards were repaired in conformity with the original design, but large bay extensions to each ward, metal cornices, fire walls between each roof division, separating the roof from the lower structure by the use of iron joists and brick arches, were added.<br />
<br />
The administration portion was entirely rebuilt upon a new design and made practically fireproof. An amusement hall was added, the general kitchen, a one-story structure, connecting in the rear, and beyond this a two-story structure, the basement containing a refrigerator, bakery and employees' dining room; the second story a sewing room and general store room. This reconstruction was completed and the first woman patient was received January 23.1883<br />
<br />
By an act of the Legislature approved May 8, 1883, the committee on Lunacy of the Board of Public Charities was created and given jurisdiction over all matters pertaining to the indigent insane, and, subsequently, by an act dated June 13, 1883, this committee was empowered, through the aid of the courts if necessary, to remove the indigent insane from almshouses and private residences to the state hospitals for the insane. Pursuant to this authority admissions to state institutions rapidly increased and in April, 1885, this institution was filled to its maximum, and since that time to the present has suffered from excessive overcrowding. Having reached a maximum of 901 patients, the first relief was gained by the removal of 135 patients from Philadelphia to the Norristown Hospital upon its opening in August, 1880; 113 patients were transferred to Blockley Hospital, Philadelphia; 35 patients were transferred to Harrisburg Hospital, properly belonging to that district; 50 women were transferred to Blockley Hospital, Philadelphia; 19 patients were transferred to the almshouse of the Middle Coal Field Poor District, by direction of the Committee on Lunacy; 128 patients were transferred to the Institution for Chronic Insane at Wernersville in 1894; 171 patients to the Retreat, the county insane hospital for the Central Poor District, Luzerne County, in 1900, and 371 patients to the State Homeopathic Hospital at Rittersville in 1912 and 1913. Notwithstand1ng these exceptional discharges, the greatest number resident on any one day reached 1727, an increase above the normal capacity that necessitated the use of many temporary beds. Enlargement of the plant in every department became a very evident necessity and an effort was made to secure additional buildings in 1890, which did not bear fruit until 1896, when a one-story wing, with a capacity of 50 beds, was erected at a cost of $20,000, to be occupied by infirm men. This rendered possible the first proper segregation of helpless, bedridden, terminal cases, although individual care had been attempted for a number of years in one of the main wards. The central building and an adjoining ward for a similar purpose were completed and occupied in July, 1900. An additional story was added to this building in 1909, making a total capacity of 230 men,<br />
<br />
A nurses' home for women was completed in 1900. By removal of the nurses to these new quarters, 30 additional beds were secured for patients.<br />
<br />
During 1904 the lavatory system was renewed. Four four-story fireproof buildings, erected outside the general line of the building, and connected with the wards by a 12-foot passage, with fixtures of a sanitary type, accommodated this department. By establishing dormitories in the rooms vacated by the old lavatory system, 164 beds were gained. Estimating the value of the added room at $500 per bed, the net cost to the state of this change did not exceed $12,000, but the sanitation secured and the abundance of room alone fully compensated for the outlay.<br />
<br />
During 1906 the heating and lighting systems were completely renovated. The high-pressure gravity system of heating was changed to a low-pressure vacuum system. A new boiler house and electric light plant were built, four 330 horse power water-tube boilers were installed, ventilation was effected by electric-driven exhaust fans in the attic, three Thompson-Ryan dynamos were installed, and the building and grounds were wired for electric light. In addition, the electric power was utilized in many instances for mechanical purposes.<br />
<br />
During 1909 two buildings for the treatment of acute cases, one for each sex, were constructed. These buildings, faced with buff brick, are two stories in height. The first floor, designed for acute and observation cases, is divided into a dormitory of 30 beds and 15 single rooms, with rooms for continuous bath, a complete hydriatic room in the basement, and a sun parlor and dining room. The second story, designed for epileptic cases, is divided into one large dormitory of 60 beds, seven single rooms, a day room and dining room, with the usual toilet rooms. The object sought was to have epileptic patients under surveillance night and day.<br />
<br />
There was also constructed an infirmary building for women, two stories in height, containing five dormitories, sun porches, day rooms and dining room, with a capacity of 150 patients. The basement contains a kitchen to serve this building and the adjoining acute building. In the third story of the central part is located the operating room, with necessary adjuncts, and seven single rooms, now occupied by the night service of nurses.<br />
<br />
These several additions have increased the normal capacity from joo to 1450 patients, or more than double the original capacity. The criterion of 100 cubic feet air space per patient is not the only essential in estimating capacity, but the rapidity with which the air can be changed to keep it pure. If this be taken into consideration, the capacity of the institution may be stated as 1600.<br />
<br />
There have been provided also a dormitory of 46 rooms, reading and billiard rooms for men employed upon the grounds, and a series of four dwellings for heads of departments.<br />
<br />
In 1004 a mechanical filter, with building to contain it, was installed for the purification of Susquehanna River water. Two :ilters and a settling tub, with necessary pumps, met the first requirements, but later two additional filter tubs were added.<br />
<br />
Additions to the laundry building have been made upon three different occasions and modern machinery added as the requirements of the increasing population demanded.<br />
[[image:Danville PC 04.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
During February, 1904, an effort was made to obviate the contamination of the Susquehanna River by sewage from the institution through its disposal by broad irrigation upon the fields. It was collected in a large basin and pumped through a long line of d1stributing pipe by an air-compressor pump. This system proved inadequate and was pronounced insanitary by the State Department of Health, and a system comprising sedimentation tanks, sprinkling filters, and final treatment by hypochlorite of lime was substituted. This required a new line of sewers to separate the sewage from storm water. Electrically driven rotary pumps operating in series now convey the sewage to the filter beds, the effluent being discharged into the Susquehanna River. Since its completion, April 23, 1910, weekly analyses have been made, showing perfect bacteriological purity.<br />
<br />
Later acquisitions to the hospital include a cold storage plant, an industrial building for the use of men, an addition to the dairy barn, the enlargement of the reservoirs, a fire main and hydrants reaching the more important points, a railroad siding and coalstorage bins, coachman's, pumpman's and gate houses, etc.<br />
<br />
The dairy barn has been twice burned by fires, presumably of incendiary origin, and rebuilt out of the proceeds of insurance.<br />
<br />
To insure a better service, a training school for nurses, the first of its kind in Pennsylvania, was instituted in 1889. In its incipiency lectures on nursing and kindred subjects were given for a year and a half. Later the curriculum was reorganized to include lectures and bed-side recitations, each topic to be followed by examinations, the classes to be divided into a junior and a senior year, and the course was made obligatory. The first class graduated in 1893, and the total number of graduates is now 345. An advance in wages and positions of greater trust are given these graduates, of whom 108 remain in the service of the hospital.<br />
<br />
With the better care made possible by the educated nurse, the proper segregation of patients, a more individual supervision and the advent of hydrotherapy, a new era has been achieved in the treatment of mental disorders. Seclusion is almost unknown, restraint reduced to a minimum, noise and confusion abated, death from acute exhaustion a rare occurrence, and the whole environment is rendered more normal. The bed-treatment of disturbed cases was begun tentatively in 1895 by the use of a ward entirely of single rooms usually occupied by refractory patients, and ill suited for the purpose. With proper facilities for carrying out this regime, the best good has been accomplished. An adequate force of reliable nurses is essential, and constant surveillance; the patient is given the greatest possible amount of rest, with hyper-nutrition, as long as any physical or mental necessity exists.<br />
<br />
Since 1905 a dentist of Danville has visited the institution onehalf day each week to care for the teeth of the patients. Latterly these visits have been increased to two half days. Three surgeons of repute and an ophthalmologist are available when the necessity arises.<br />
<br />
The card-index system of registration and clinical sheets, with folders, has been adopted, and an additional stenographer is employed to assist in the work. This system has proved advantageous because of its convenience and the resulting fuller and more accurate clinical histories.<br />
<br />
One feature of the management is the retention of married graduated men nurses who have their homes in the adjoining town. They have leave of absence when off duty and at night. About one-third of the men nurses have availed themselves of this privilege and in this way competent men have been retained in the service many years, whose services would otherwise have been lost to the institution. As no nurses' home for men has been provided, it is proposed to start a village upon the hospital grounds, to give them buildings with more sanitary equipment and easier access to their work in the event of emergencies. A small appropriation has been secured by act of Legislature in furtherance of this object.<br />
<br />
At the call of the president of the Board of Trustees, a number of representative trustees and superintendents convened at the hospital in October, 1903, to consider the organization of a society interested in the welfare of the insane. The organization effected is known as the Association of Trustees and Medical Superintendents of the State and Incorporated Hospitals for the Insane of Pennsylvania. The membership also includes the Committee on Lunacy and officers of institutions for the feeble-minded. Semiannual meetings are held at the various institutions, the program □eluding inspection of the hospital, the reading of papers and discussions pertaining to the scientific and economic care of the insane, ind a better acquaintance of those associated in this work.<br />
<br />
The farm has been extended by purchases from time to time and the original 250 acres increased to 663. Thirty-five acres are occupied as a garden and 430 acres by actual drill measurement are used as the farm. A herd of 100 Holstein cows is usually maintained. During the fall of 1914 aphthous fever appeared among steers purchased for slaughter, with resulting contamination of the herd of cows, which were ordered killed by the state authorities. One hundred and ninety-five cows and all the swine were killed, and all infected stabling torn out and disinfected. An appropriation of $10,800 was made for the purchase of new stock and the restoration of stables.<br />
<br />
In 1894 Auditor-General Gregg decided that any cash balance on hand must be deducted from the amount charged to the state, and in that year he wiped out a balance of $29,042.57 by deducting said amount from the hospital's claim against the state, thus leaving the institution without a working balance. Remittances are due, both from the poor district and state, at the end of the quarter of the state's fiscal year.<br />
<br />
After a brief illness Dr. S. S. Schultz died September 27, 1891. Dr. H. B. Meredith, for 13 years an assistant physician under Dr. Schultz, was elected superintendent and physician, and is the present incumbent.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=bnraAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:UOM39015005122398&client=firefox-a#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><br />
<br />
'''BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1915'''<br />
*William Field Shay, president<br />
*William F. Lowry, secretary<br />
*I. X. Grier, Esq<br />
*Edward Brennan<br />
*Olin F. Harvey, M. D.<br />
*Samuel D. Townsend<br />
*Herbert T. Hecht<br />
*Truman P. Reitmeyer<br />
*Edwin A. Curry<br />
<br />
'''TREASURER'''<br />
*Alexander Foster<br />
<br />
'''SUPERINTENDENT AND PHYSICIAN'''<br />
*H. B. Meredith, M. D.<br />
<br />
'''ASSISTANT PHYSICIANS'''<br />
*William H. Krickbaum, M. D. James S. Hammers, M. D.<br />
*James E. Robbins, M. D. George B. M. Free, M. D.<br />
*Edward B. Shellenberger, M. D.<br />
<br />
'''WOMAN PHYSICIAN'''<br />
*Ida Ashenhurst, M. D.<br />
<br />
'''SURGEONS'''<br />
*Reed Burns, M. D. Granville T. Matlack, M. D.<br />
*H. J. Donaldson, M. D.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=bnraAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=editions:UOM39015005122398&client=firefox-a#v=onepage&q&f=false</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
====20th & 21st Century====<br />
Dr. Robert Gatski, Superintendent for 1955-1977, was the first to introduce chlorpromazine in the treatment of patients at Danville State Hospital. Since then, many new psychotropic medications have been developed. These medications have been successful in the treatment of mental illness and have facilitated the patients' placement back into the community.<br />
[[image:Danville SH Aerial Oct2002.jpg|300px|left]]<br />
In the 1950's the hospital received full approval of the Central Inspection Board of the American Psychiatric Association for excellence in patient care. The patient population showed a steady increase up to November 1955, when the figure reached 2,801. Since that time a gradual planned reduction has occurred. As a result the census in 1968 was 1,899, and on June 30, 2002, the hospital census stood at 147. This is in keeping with the modern philosophy of treating patients in the least restrictive setting. In 1976, a Long Term Care Facility (Licensed Nursing Home) was opened to address the needs of our geriatric patients who no longer were considered to be in need of psychiatric care. The Long Term Care Facility closed on May 12, 1998. With the state system downsizing and the closing of Harrisburg State Hospital, this hospital’s bed capacity increased to 180. With the consolidation effort, Danville State Hospital facilities are gradually being utilized to meet other community resource needs.<br />
<br />
Over the past five years, much emphasis has been placed by this hospital on collaborating with county Mental Health Administrations to return individuals to the community. We work with them and assist them to divert admissions for people who can be served in a less restrictive setting. In addition, our hospital staff provides consultation on special needs populations and a myriad of training programs for community staff and providers.<br />
<br />
In 1999, the Office of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, under Pennsylvania's Department of Public Welfare, began an initiative to reduce the utilization of seclusion and restraint at the State Mental Hospitals. In adopting this initiative, Danville State Hospital has experienced success while continuing to provide a safe, effective, and collaborative treatment environment. On Nov. 30, 2004, Danville State Hospital became the first psychiatric hospital in Pennsylvania and the nation to go four years without the use of mechanical restraint. This achievement represents a significant milestone in the history of the hospital and the evolution of mental health treatment. Since 1985 this hospital has had full accreditation from the Joint Commission, Medicare and Medical Assistance. At our last Joint Commission survey, we received a three-year accreditation, which attests to the high quality of care given to all individuals entrusted to our care.<ref>http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/foradults/statehospitals/danvillestatehospital/index.htm</ref><br />
<br />
As of Jan. 31, 2008, Danville State Hospital had 163 patients.<ref>http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
== Images of Danville State Hospital ==<br />
{{image gallery|[[Danville State Hospital Image Gallery|Danville State Hospital]]}}<br />
<gallery><br />
File:dsh 2014 081 2.jpg<br />
File:dsh 2014 095.jpg<br />
File:Danville Cont 03.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 08.jpg<br />
File:Danville Vint 06.png<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Cemetery Information == <br />
There is one cemetery located on hospital grounds, it was used between the years of 1882 and 1939. According to old medical records there are 84 grave sites, most of which are unmarked. The sites that do have markers are marked with just numbers and not patient names. In 1987 a project was completed to restore the cemetery and erect a plaque in honor of those buried there. The cemetery is not open to the public. For further information please contact the hospital directly.<ref>http://dsh.thomas-industriesinc.com/DSH_Patient_Info.htm</ref><br />
<br />
<br />
== Links & Additional Information == <br />
*[http://www.dpw.state.pa.us/foradults/statehospitals/danvillestatehospital/index.htm Official Danville State Hospital website]<br />
*[http://dsh.thomas-industriesinc.com A website dedicated to DSH]<br />
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danville_State_Hospital DSH Wikipedia Entry]<br />
*[http://www.flickr.com/photos/injekt/sets/72157625242388883/ A photo set on Flickr]<br />
<br />
<br />
== References ==<br />
<references/> <br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Pennsylvania]]<br />
[[Category:Kirkbride Buildings]]<br />
[[Category:Active Institution]]<br />
[[Category:Institution With A Cemetery]]<br />
[[Category:Preserved Institution]]<br />
[[Category:Past Featured Article Of The Week]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=Danville_State_Hospital_Image_Gallery&diff=30532Danville State Hospital Image Gallery2015-08-14T00:08:39Z<p>Thomasp94: /* Contemporary Photos */</p>
<hr />
<div>The following are various images of [[Danville State Hospital]].<br />
<br />
== Vintage Photos and Images ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Danville 1885 Report.jpg<br />
File:7afb 3.JPG<br />
File:Danville Vint 01.jpg<br />
File:Danville Vint 02.jpg<br />
File:Danville Vint 03.jpg<br />
File:Danville Vint 04.png<br />
File:Danville Vint 05.png<br />
File:Danville Vint 06.png<br />
File:Danville Vint 07.png<br />
File:Danville Vint 08.png<br />
File:Danville Vint 09.png<br />
File:State-Hospital-Oct-1909 then.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Contemporary Photos ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:dsh 2014 081 2.jpg<br />
File:dsh 2014 095.jpg<br />
File:Danville Cont 03.jpg<br />
File:Danville Lobby 2014 01.jpg<br />
File:Danville Lobby 2014 02.jpg<br />
File:Danville Lobby 2014 03.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Postcards ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Danville PC 01.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 02.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 03.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 04.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 05.jpg<br />
File:Danville.jpg<br />
<br />
File:Danville PC 07.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 08.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 09.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 10.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 11.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 12.jpg<br />
File:Danville State Hospital.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 13.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 14.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 15.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 16.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 17.jpg<br />
File:Danville PC 18.jpg<br />
File:Danville11.jpg<br />
File:Danville7.jpg<br />
File:SCAN0370PD.JPG<br />
File:SCAN0372PD.JPG<br />
File:Danville PC 17 WEBEDIT.jpg<br />
File:danvillePA001.jpg<br />
File:danvillePA004.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
== Aerial Shots & Maps ==<br />
<gallery><br />
File:Daville Map.jpg<br />
File:Danville 2012 Map.jpg<br />
File:Danville Sanborn 1896.jpg<br />
File:Danville Sanborn 1907.jpg<br />
File:Danville SH Aerial 2010 2.jpg<br />
File:Danville SH Aerial 2010 1.jpg<br />
File:Danville Aerial 01.jpg<br />
File:Danville SH Aerial Oct2002.jpg<br />
File:DSH Aerial 1900s.jpg<br />
</gallery><br />
<br />
[[Category:Image Gallery]]</div>Thomasp94https://www.asylumprojects.org/index.php?title=File:Danville_Lobby_2014_03.jpg&diff=30531File:Danville Lobby 2014 03.jpg2015-08-14T00:06:25Z<p>Thomasp94: 2014 Photo of the Danville Kirkbride, courtesy of Thomas Industries.
Source: http://www.thomas-industriesinc.com/</p>
<hr />
<div>2014 Photo of the Danville Kirkbride, courtesy of Thomas Industries.<br />
Source: http://www.thomas-industriesinc.com/</div>Thomasp94